George Massee

“ At the present day Berkeley is best known as a systematist, which of itself alone is sufficient to retain his name for all time in the front rank of mycologists, but when the history of Plant Pathology is elaborated, Berkeley's name will undoubtedly stand out more prominently than that of any other individual. ”

“ Nature.—"We have no hesitation in recommending it as the elementary handbook for the agricultural student. The chapters on weeds and on diseases of farm-plants are distinctly better than those in any previous English works dealing with agricultural botany." ”

“ In all large genera common to European countries, the continental species can be sandwiched between British species. Even in large genera there are as a rule not more than eight or ten primary differentiating specific characters present, and it is the constant correlation of two or three of those primary characters that constitute a species, as understood at the present day. ”

“ Notwithstanding Berkeley's researches on exotic fungi, a task in itself too comprehensive for most men to grapple with, he continued to study the British fungi, and, mostly in collaboration with his friend, Mr C. E. Broome, published a long series of articles in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, from 1837 down to the year 1883. In these articles 2027 species of fungi are enumerated, mostly new, or species new to Britain, and consist mainly of critical notes on the morphology and affinities of the fungi under consideration, and will compel the attention of mycologists for all time. ”

“ Smell like cucumber. P. exp. depr. dry, silky, squamulose at centre, rather viscid when moist, brick-red, edge incurved then spreading; g. broad, pale or tinged red; s. stout, narrowed at base, fibrillose and reddish up to ring, white above; flesh white, reddish when broken. ”

“ Pileus hygrophanous, at first glabrous or with whitish superficial fibrils. Flesh entirely thin or the margin abruptly so, splitting. Universal veil peronate, or forming a ring low down on the stem, apex somewhat cortinate, hence the veil is double. p. 191.
VI. Hydrocybe. Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial white fibrils, not viscid but moist when growing, losing the deep colour and becoming pale when dry, flesh very thin, splitting, disc rarely thicker. Stem rather rigid, not peronate; veil thin, fibrillose, rarely collapsing and forming an irregular zone round the stem. ”

“ His investigation of the potato murrain, written in 1846, cleared the air of all kinds of wild theories as to its origin, and showed it to be undoubtedly caused by the fungus now known as Phytophthora infestans, whose life-history he carefully worked out. ”

“ P. convex-exp. obtuse, moist, even, hygr. pale rusty, flocculose and rimosely squamulose when dry; g. adnate, gilvous, edge whitish; s. fibrillosely cortinate, pallid; sp. 10 long.
IV. Sapinei. Pileus hardly pelliculose (flesh cracking or torn into squamules towards disc) , not viscid. Veil adpressedly fibrillose to the stem, not appendiculato-cortinate, almost none, or forming a zone on stem. Known more especially by yellowish or tawny yellow gills and ochre or tawny spores. Subcaespitose, always growing on pines or on pine branches etc. on the ground. ”

“ The better known European genera of fungi, many of which appeared to be sharply defined, and by some mycologists considered to be of ordinal importance, could now be estimated at their true value and relegated to their true position in the scheme of classification rendered possible by a good knowledge of the range of structure presented by the fungi of the world at large. ”

“ Whole fungus except gills creamy white.
xerampelina, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. compact, exp. then depr., dry, rosy purple sometimes tinged olive, disc paler, cracked into granules, flesh tinged yellow; g. forked, white then ochre; s. 4-7 cm. clavate, white, more or less tinged red; sp. 8-10 × 6-7.
Differs from R. integra by narrow gills not powdered with the spores.
nauseosa, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-4 cm. viscid, plane then depr., purple or lilac, disc darker, coarsely striate; g. rather distant, ochre; s. 2-3 cm. slightly striate, white; sp. 8-9. ”

“ P. convexo-plane, edge angularly bent down, even, glabrous, dry, yellowish-tan, tinged tawny when dry; g. subadnate, broad, thin, white, yellowish when dry; s. hollow, fibrous, flexuous, glabrous, white, apex thickened and rather pruinose; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.
nudipes, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. even, almost glabrous, slightly viscid, tan then pale, edge thin; g. crowded, dry; s. 4-6 cm. solid, equal, pelliculose, glabrous, naked, shining white, base fibrillose ”

“ P. 3-7 cm. convexo-plane, scaly, edge incurved; g. decur. pallid then reddish-brown; s. 5 cm. whitish then brownish, ring persistent.
A species about which little is known.
aeruginosa, Curt. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp. subumb. or quite plane, at first with bluish-green mucus and sometimes with white squamules, then yellowish; g. adnate, purplish; s. 5-6 cm. viscid, squamulose below ring, tinged green, often quite glabrous; sp. 10 × 5.
Very variable within certain limits. Often stout and deep coloured in shady woods. Slender and soon dry in open pastures. ”

“ Flesh of stem distinct from that of pileus; gills free and remote from the stem; spores hyaline; ring and volva absent.
This genus follows Lepiota, from which it differs in the absence of a ring.
Schulzeria squamigera, Schulz. and Bres. P. about 2 cm. rather fleshy, convex then exp. dry, umber at first then whitish, surface broken up into fibrous brownish-umber scales; g. crowded, subventricose, white, free, somewhat remote from stem, 3 mm. broad; s. equal, whitish, with lax umber scales which soon disappear; flesh white, compact; sp. ”

“ Flesh usually bored by larvae.
impennis, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. fleshy, convex, obtuse, rigid, glabrous, somewhat brick-red then pale; g. thick, distant, violet, purplish, then cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. rather bulbous, pallid, imperfect ring and apex violet, whitish cortinate, solid; sp. 10-11 × 7.
lucorum, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. even bay brick-red when moist; g. emarginate, cinnamon with a fugacious tinge of flesh-colour violet; s. 4-5 cm. clavate, very fibrillose, one colour, becoming pale; sp. 10 × 5.
plumiger, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. conico-campan. gibbous, brownish-olive, densely covered with white feathery flecks; g. ”

“ P. campan. striate to vertex, whitish, apex darker, edge lobed; g. crowded, unequal; s. hollow, paler than p., flocculose, ring complete, membranous.
PLUTEUS, Fr.
* Cuticle of pileus fibrillose or floccose.
cervinus, Schaeff. P. 4-9 cm. campan. exp. even, glabrous, then broken up into fibrillose squamules which fall away, smoky with a yellowish or fawn-coloured tinge; g. white then flesh-colour; s. [Pg 121] 5-9 cm. solid, whitish with black fibrils; sp. 7-8 × 5-6; cystidia ventricose.
var. rigens, Pers. P. grey, blackish, virgate or squamulose; s. glabrous, somewhat shining. ”

“ Flesh turning blood-red when bruised.
leucocephala, Boud. P. white, convex, entirely covered with erect scales; g. free, broad, fawn; s. short, white, coarsely fibrillose throughout; sp. rough, 9-11 × 6-8.
B. Laceri. Pileus torn into scales or fibrils (not cracking) ; stem coloured, paler than pileus, fibrillose.
pyriodora, Pers. Smell pleasant. P. 4-7 cm. umb. adpressedly fibroso-scaly, fuscous ochre then pale; g. emarginate, rather distant; s. 6-10 cm. solid, equal, fibrillose, pale, apex pruinose; sp. 10 × 6. Flesh with red tinge. ”

“ Marasmius. Tough, drying up and reviving when moistened; gills often connected by veins.
+++ Gills decurrent.
Lactarius. Gills and flesh exuding milk when broken. (In some sp. the gills are adnate.)
Hygrophorus. Gills thick at the base, edge acute, rather waxy, often branched; pileus often hygrophanous. (In some sp. the gills are adnate or even free.)
Clitocybe. Gills thin, pliant, sometimes powdered with the spores; stem fibrous outside.
Omphalia. Gills thin, pliant, stem cartilaginous outside.
Pleurotus. Growing on wood. Stem lateral or excentric when present. ”

“ M. rugosa differs from present sp. in having grey gills and rugulose pileus.
[simillima, Karsten. P. conico-campan. even, dry, glabrous, livid or dingy pallid; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, white, very slightly tinged rose; s. fragile, polished, even, glabrous, base curved, rooting; sp. ——.
Very near to Mycena galericulata, differing in being fragile and in becoming pale.
polygramma, Bull. P. 3-7 cm. conic camp. subumb. dry, striate, dark grey or blackish-blue when young; g. pale pinkish-grey [Pg 41] tinge; s. 7-12 cm. rigid, tough, shining, longitudinally striate, strigosely rooting, grey ”

“ I. Phlegmacium. Partial veil cobwebby. Pileus equally fleshy, viscid; stem firm, dry. p. 177.
II. Myxacium. Universal veil glutinous, hence the pileus and scarcely bulbous stem are viscid. Pileus rather thin; gills adnate or decurrent. p. 183.
III. Inoloma. Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first scaly, fibrillose or innately silky, not hygrophanous. Veil simple. Stem fleshy, subbulbous. p. 185.
IV. Dermocybe. Flesh of pileus thin, everywhere equal, at first downy or subinnately silky, but glabrous when adult, dry, not hygrophanous. p. 188. ”

“ P. thin convexo-plane, diaphanous, ochre, at length greyish olive and covered with shining crystalline grains; g. yellowish; s. incurved, mealy.
echinospora, W. G. S. P. at first rather scurfy, moist, hygr. citrin, greenish marginate then pallid, edge slightly striate; g. citrin; s. reddish-brown, white squamulose; sp. rough, 7 × 6.
GALERA, Fr.
I. Conocephali. Pileus conico-campanulate, hygr. almost even, atomate when dry; stem straight, gills somewhat crowded, ascending. ”

“ P. campan.-convex, obtusely umb. glabrous, moist, edge striate, ochraceous tan, paler when dry, disc darker; g. crowded, yellowish cinnamon; s. wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, equal, umber.
triscopoda, Fr. P. 1 cm. conical then hemispher. then convexo-plane, umb. bay, ochre when dry; g. obscure rusty; s. 1-3 cm. filiform, glabrous, rusty, base umber; sp. 6-8 × 3-4.
B. Phaeoti. Pileus naked. Gills and spores brownish-rusty.
* Pediadei. Growing in fields and pastures. ”

“ P. convexo-plane, subumb. grey, silky-shining when dry; g. tinged flesh-colour; s. glabrous, white, base incurved, downy; sp. 7-8 × 5.
sarnicus, Mass. P. 2-3 cm. becoming plane, subumbonate, grey, silky; g. plane then suddenly decurrent near the stem, reddish; s. 2-3 cm. flexuous, white, smooth ”

“ Bernardii, Q. Compact, white, tomentose under a lens. P. 10-20 cm. convex then exp. cracked into areolae, greyish-white; s. solid, stout, ovate, striate at the apex, ring membranous, striate above; g. free, greyish-pink then bay-brown; flesh white, becoming purplish then brownish when broken; sp. subgl. 8.
Foetid. Edible.
campestris, L. 6-12 cm. convex then plane, floccosely silky or fibrillose, whitish, flesh reddish-brown when cut; g. close to stem, subliquescent, fleshy then umber; s. stuffed, even, white, ring median, torn; sp. 7-8 × 5-6. Edible.
var. alba, Berk. P. rather silky white; s. ”

“ P. convex then irreg. densely papillosely-rivulose with innate flecks, tawny; g. crowded, yellow then cinnamon; s. thin, fibrillose, rather downy, fuscescent; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.
V. Sericelli. Cortinate, cuticle of pileus rather silky, dry or viscid at first. ”

“ P. 5-9 cm. exp. plane, even, viscid, cinnamon or tawny or pallid and disc tawny and spotted with squamules; g. adnate, broad, tan; s. 5-12 cm. somewhat narrowed, fibrillose, whitish, apex striate; sp. 8 × 4.
lupina, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. and depr. even, viscid; g. adnato-decur. broad, pallid tan; s. 2-3 cm. short, firm, unequal, with rusty tinged adpressed fibrils, apex white; sp. 8 × 4.
There are two forms: A. Smell strong, pungent, p. fuscous then tan; s. becoming rusty. B. Milder, p. tawny; s. ”

“ P. 2-2.5 cm. persistently umbilicate glabrous, brown then greyish, becoming cracked; g. crowded; s. 2.5 cm. glabrous, brown; sp. 8 × 5.
B. Pileus even, glabrous, neither villose, scaly nor viscid.
V. Guttata. Pileus fleshy, soft, fragile, with drop-like markings; stem solid.
* Gills not discoloured.
gambosum, Fr. P. 6-12 cm. flesh thick, exp. and wavy, glabrous, spotted, pallid tan, margin incurved and downy at first; g. crowded, ventricose; s. 5-7 cm. stout, flocculose at apex, white; sp. 13-14 × 8-9. Edible. ”

“ Differs from H. coccineus in adnexed g. and striate stem with white base.
Var. nigrescens, Q. Becoming blackish everywhere. P. orange, virgate, then grey and silky; s. striate, yellow, apex red.
obrusseus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. conico-convex, wavy, golden yellow, shining; g. adnato-ventricose, thick, distant; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, subcompressed, glabrous, even, yellow, base tawny; sp. 10-12 × 7.
Tawny base of stem not always evident. ”

“ P. 6-14 cm. rigid, depr. zoneless, viscid, olive-umber, margin at first with yellow down; g. thin, pallid; s. 3-6 cm. viscid, olive, narrowed at base; milk white; sp. echin. 6-8.
Differs from L. blennius in absence of circles of spots on pileus.
umbrinus, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. plane, umbil. wavy, dry, floccose, umber, not zoned; g. crowded, pallid; s. solid, very short, 2 cm. greyish white; milk white, forming grey spots; sp. 8-9.
blennius, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. depr. glutinous, dingy olive grey, often concentrically spotted, margin at first incurved; g. crowded; s. 3-5 cm. viscid, coloured like pileus ”

“ Veil simple, thin, fugacious, median or inferior. Stem never marginately bulbous or peronate, but elastic, rigid, externally polished, shining, cartilaginous.
+ Gills white then tan or dingy cinnamon.
cumatilis, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. obtuse, with bluish-violet gluten, disc brownish; g. adnexed, serrate; s. 6-7 cm. subbulbous, white, veil forming a volva at base; sp. ——.
serarius, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. gibbous, not polished, viscid, opaque, reddish-tan; g. arcuato-adfixed; s. 7-9 cm. fibrillose, shining, and like the flesh white; sp. ”