William O. Douglas

“ In the present case, the Court determines that even though a 'buyer knew that the price was lower', such knowledge is insufficient to 'shift the burden of introducing evidence to the buyer.' But § 2 (b) requires the person shown to practice a discrimination to establish a justification. ”

“ It outlaws discrimination 'in price between different purchasers of commodities of like grade and quality' where the effect is substantially to prevent or lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly as respects any person 'who either grants or knowingly receives the benefit of such discrimination'. ”

“ At other times the respondent refused to buy unless the price to it was reduced below prices at which the particular supplier sold the same merchandise to others. In other instances respondent sought to explain to the prospective supplier that certain alleged savings would accrue to the supplier in selling to respondent or that certain elements of the supplier's cost could be eliminated, which would, in respondent's opinion, justify a lower price. ”