“ Large numbers of Indians from all over this part of the Southwest swarmed into the region of the cinder fall to take advantage of new farming land. The Hohokam came from the south, the Mogollon from the southeast and the Anasazi from the north.
The main concentration took place between A.D. 1100 and 1200, and during that time the area between the San Francisco Mountains and the Little Colorado River was inhabited by perhaps 8,000 Indians.
Citadel Ruin
Abandonment of the area is almost as interesting as the occupation. ”

“ The trail will lead you around Wupatki Ruin. Numbered stakes on the trail correspond to numbered paragraphs in this booklet, which will help you understand the features you will see.
Spend as much time in the ruin as you like; all we ask is your cooperation in keeping off the walls and not removing pottery fragments, rocks, plants, or other material from the area. ”

“ A valuable browse plant for grazing animals in winter, 3 when better forage is lacking. A palatable tonic beverage can be made from the dried stems and flowers of the plant, and it was used by Indians and early white settlers in the treatment of certain diseases. ”

“ A non-profit publishing and distributing organization supporting historical, scientific and educational activities of the National Park Service.
We recommend the following items for additional information on the Southwest:
YOUR NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM IN THE SOUTHWEST, IN WORDS AND COLOR. Jackson. 500 word articles on each National Park Service area in the huge Southwest region, with full-color photograph for each of 66 areas listed. Highly authoritative treatment with every text checked for accuracy by National Park Service. Also contains “How to Get There” appendix. ”

“ With the trench below, it was used to conduct air to the interior rooms of the structure. As the dwelling was extended toward you from the higher portions, the added outside rooms blocked air from the older ones, necessitating a series of vents to take fresh air to the interior rooms. ”

“ Room with firepit with a deflector between it and ventilator in wall.
16. Look up to the room above you.
The two beams at the rear are original roof beams that have been in the ruin almost 10 800 years. Above the beams once lay the cross pieces forming the next layer, on top of which was placed the mud or clay to complete the roof. ”

“ Unbonded walls more often collapsed.
One of the seven infant burials mentioned at Stake 12.
In this room seven infant burials were found in slab-lined pits (only one pit can be seen today) . As with most people, the Indians held a close relationship to their children, probably believing, like the Hopi today, that the spirit of the 8 dead child would be reborn in the next baby. Consequently the deceased were often buried in the mother’s house.
Collapsed roof.
The roof as built before collapse Mud Bark Split beams Main beams 13. Work area. ”