Yosef Karo

“ The testifying partner must accept that if his creditor were to come and collect from the partner that he would pay the partner the value of the taken land. He should make a condition that if a third party were to come to claim the land based on other claims, such as saying it was stolen from him or something similar, then he would not indemnify his partner. If, however, the plaintiff is only making a claim on partner’s share, such as a claim that the partner sold it to him, then he may testify because he has no stake in the testimony at all. ”

“ When the poor people rely on the city and the city distributes charity to them. Even if two people from that city were to say we will give the set amount and we will testify, we would not listen to them because there is still a benefit to them for these poor people to become wealthier since they rely on the people of the city. ”

“ If one produces a loan document against three defendants and they all claim they have already paid it back, if each one owed 10 gold coins individually and the co-defendants had no partnership in it, each one’s testimony may be used for his co-defendants. ”

“ If one makes a complaint in connection with a field that grows fruits, the sharecropper cannot testify because the sharecropper wants the field to remain in the hands of the current owner so that he could take his share of the fruits. ”

“ If a complaint is brought against a borrower to remove land in his possession and the borrower does not have other land in his possession that is the value of the debt, the lender and co-signer cannot testify to keep the land in the borrower’s possession. ”

“ Once the renter has already given the rent to the owner, he can no longer testify for the owner because if land were to be given to the complainant, the renter would need to pay another rental. If the owner returns the rent money to the renter so that he can pay whomever wins the case, the renter may then testify for him. ”

“ With respect to living status or something similar in connection with the needs of the city, we can even judge via distant hearsay because the entire public has a stake in the testimony anyway. See later Siman 156 and 163 regarding these laws. City activists who were appointed to deal with public or private needs have the status of judges and we cannot appoint one who is disqualified from judging due to wickedness. ”

“ If one of the partners makes a claim that negatively affects him and his partner, he has the believability of a solo witness and will obligate his partner to take an oath or will exempt the counterparty from taking an oath. ”

“ They are even valid for their own relatives because they accepted them. We do not use the principle of two is like 100 on any matter which is dependent on the city custom. Rather, we follow the majority. ”