by the United States government

“ Ozone design value study The Administrator shall conduct a study of whether the methodology in use by the Environmental Protection Agency as of November 15, 1990, for establishing a design value for ozone provides a reasonable indicator of the ozone air quality of ozone nonattainment areas. ”

“ Such standards shall require the application of reasonably available control technology, considering costs, any nonair-quality benefits, environmental impacts, energy requirements and safety factors associated with alternative control techniques. ”

“ Alternative approach The prohibition set forth in paragraph (1) shall not apply in a State, and the President may implement an alternative approach, if— (A) the Governor of the State submits to the President a written description of an alternative approach to facilitate the compliance, by some or all foreign-registered motor vehicles, with the motor vehicle inspection and maintenance requirements that are— (i) related to emissions of air pollutants; (ii) in effect under the applicable implementation plan in the covered ozone nonattainment area ”