Charles Tiplady Pratt

“ In the middle of the seventeenth century, and for more than a hundred years afterwards, the Spencers of Cannon Hall were among the largest iron manufacturers of the neighbourhood, at one time or other connected with the Barnby Furnaces, the Wortley Forges, Bank Furnace in the Parish of Thornhill, and the ironworks at Kirkstall near Leeds. The large woods around provided the necessary fuel at a time when coal had not begun to be used for smelting purposes. So great, indeed, was the consumption of wood in iron-smelting, that Parliamentary legislation had to place it under severe restrictions. ”

“ A large extension of the canal system helped to develop the Yorkshire Coalfields towards the end of the last century, and the opening of the Barnsley Canal, in 1799, and its Branch to Cawthorne Basin gave an immense impetus to the Collieries at Barnby Furnace and Silkstone.
In the number of cinder-heaps scattered about on the North and on the East side of the Parish, and in the numerous "Smithy-fields', and "Cinder Hill," we have evidences of the manufacture of iron having been the staple trade of the Parish for many centuries. ”

“ Henry de Laci, this last male heir, at that time (1294) surrendered all his lands to King Edward I., who, at the same time, re-granted them to Henry for his life, and after his decease to Thomas Plantagenet and Alice his wife, and their heirs, annexing to this grant the extraordinary provision, that, in default of such heirs, the estates should go to Edmund, the father of Earl Thomas, and to his heirs for ever. ”

“ In 1650, the property was vested, he says, in William Hewet, Esq., of Beccles, Norfolk, son of Sir Edward Hewet, of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, London. In his notice of the Bosvile family under the Manor of Gunthwaite, Hunter mentions a Henry Bosvile as having been "placed as an apprentice to Sir William Hewet, citizen and clothworker, [London] , and his being "admitted to the freedom of his company in the first year of Queen Elizabeth." ”

“ In defence of any wearisome minuteness, I would only give a remark of Pugin on Architecture: "Even the smallest details should have a meaning or serve a purpose." It is not without a meaning or purpose of some kind, that anything has been described at length or even mentioned at all in these pages. As for any lengthened descriptions in connection with the Church, the author fully agrees with one who has said, "If we place beautiful and costly ornaments and furniture in our Churches, the poorest person in the Parish should be taught the meaning of them." ”

“ At the present time, the Barnby Furnace Colliery, now known as the Stanhope Silkstone, is the only one being worked in the Parish, the Parkgate seam being found at a depth of forty-seven yards, and the celebrated Silkstone seam, which is the only one being worked, at a depth of about seventy fathoms, having a thickness of about four feet six inches. ”

“ When he died of the great pestilence, March 24, 1361, he left only two daughters, the younger of whom, Blanche, was married to John of Gaunt (Ghent) , Earl of Richmond, fourth son of Edward III., to whom she brought her father's estates of the Manor of Pontefract and its Honour. On the elder sister dying without issue, she brought her husband all the other estates, and he was advanced to the title of Duke of Lancaster. On his death in Feb. 1399, his estates and honours descended to his son Henry, called Henry Bolingbroke from being born (1366) at Bolingbroke in Lincolnshire. ”

“ Long after the disappearance of the substance, there has now disappeared the shadow also of that ancient Court of Record, granted by royal charter to the Lord of the Wapentake, which was held to view the "frank pledges," that is, the freemen within the liberty, who, according to the institution of Alfred the Great, were all mutually pledges for each other's good behaviour. ”

“ On March 7, 1327, the sentence of attainder against the late Earl Thomas of Lancaster was reversed, and his brother Henry was allowed to succeed to his honours and estates, which he held till his death in 1345, when he was succeeded by his son Henry. This Henry was created Duke of Lancaster by the king's special charter, 6 March, 1351, the first duke created, except the Black Prince, since the Norman Conquest. The charter gave him power to hold a Chancery in the county of Lancaster, and to enjoy the liberties of a County Palatine. ”

“ In this local militia are found many names of families which have had a prominent connection with the places they are mentioned under. At Thurgoland, we find "P. Thomas Cudworth F., savinge a better man," one of the family which resided at Eastfield for four hundred years; at Stainbrough we find John Cutler, one of a family which rose to great distinction: he himself is probably the John Cutler of Falthwaite, who on the 6th of April in that very year (1587) had married for his second wife Ann daughter of John Wordsworth of Brook-house, Penistone, widow of John Cudworth of Eastfield. ”

“ In the reign of Henry VI., the Bosvile estates were divided between the sons of a John Bosvile's two wives, and the lands at Cawthorne, with the advowson of the Chantry here, were settled upon Richard Bosvile, who died in 1501, a son of the second marriage. He was the founder of the Gunthwatte branch of the Bosviles, which became extinct in the male line by the death of William Bosvile in 1813. ”

“ Abel Hold, and winds its way by Cliffe-hill Bridge to near Deane Hill, though the substitution of other and better roads has lead to this latter part of the old road being almost obliterated by long disuse. The Cliffe-hill lane, which joins it near the little stream, was the highway from Cawthorne to the North.
These "Lanes" have a peculiar interest as being undoubtedly the oldest vestiges of man in the Parish. ”

“ There is a curious covenant dated 44 Edward III. between Sir John de Burgh and Elizabeth the late wife of Nicholas Wortley, by which John, the eldest son of this Sir John, is to take to wife Elizabeth daughter of the said widow Elizabeth within five days of the Easter next ensuing, the said Elizaheth to have the Manor of Cawthorne, if her husband John should die before his father. ”

“ Hudderode would doubtless be "Hudde's clearing."
"Royd" and "stubbing;" which latter word means much the same as "royd," are almost as frequently found in our old local surveys as the word "field" ("felled") or "close" ("enclosure")
The other deed mentioned by Hunter makes a Grant to Richard the clerk here of certain lands near a place called Le Greve. The first witness is Sir Nicholas de Wortley; others, Robert de Barnby and John his brother, "dominus Willielmus capellanus meus tunc tempore et Willielmus de Landen tunc ballivus meus." ”

“ A Sir William Wentworth, who died in 1763, married one of the sisters of Sir Thomas Blackett, and his son Sir Thomas Wentworth assumed the name of Blackett. By a will dated 29 May, 1792, he left Bretton and all his Yorkshire estates, including the Manor of Cawthorne, to Diana his daughter, married to Thomas Richard Beaumont, of the Oaks, Darton. ”

“ His sister Ann became the second wife of Walter Stanhope, of Horsforth, Esq., second son of John Stanhope by his wife Margaret, daughter of Sir William Lowther, of Swillington, Knight. Their only son Walter, born Feb. 4th, 1749, became principal heir to his uncle John Spencer, and "out of grateful regard for his memory prefixed the name of Spencer to his own." He inherited the Horsforth estates from his uncle John Stanhope, Esq., of Horsforth, barrister-at-law, familiarly known as "Lawyer Stanhope," who died in 1769. ”

“ A John Waterton married Katherine daughter & co-heiress of Sir John de Burgh, and thus became seized in the time of Richard II. of the capital messuage and lands at Walton and Cawthorne Park. Their son Richard Waterton married Constance the daughter and co-heiress of Sir William Assenhull, Knight of the Shire for Cambridge Co., 2 Henry VI., 1422, who in 1430 presented a clerk to the Vicarage of Kirk Heaton, which was alternately in the gift of the two lords of Cawthorne and Brierley. ”

“ John de Burgh, son of John and Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Wortley, had a daughter by his first wife Catherine, who married John Ingoldsthorp. This family after two generations ended in a daughter and heiress Isabel who married John Nevil, Marquis Montacute. John de Burgh’s daughter Joan by his second wife married Sir William Assenhull, who in the great inquest of the Honour of Pontefract in 3 Henry VI. was found to hold two Knight’s fees at Cawthome, Keaton, and Mirfield, late John de Burgh’s. ”

“ Adam Fitz-Swein's daughter Amabil, who inherited her father's more westward estates, including Cawthorne and its residence, married a William de Nevile. Dodsworth has copied a charter relating "Skyrewith" in Cumberland, in which William de Neville and Amabil his wife give to Thomas de Burgh fifteen "libratas terrae cum filia nostra Sarra in maritagio"
There is a second marriage of Amabil given to one Alexander de Crevequer, from which sprung also a family of Neviles, through the marriage of their daughter Cecilia. ”

“ The Waterhouse family assigned to Michael Wentworth, of Mendham Priory, Suffolk, and of Ottes, Essex, one of the Masters of the Queen's Household, whose grandson purchased Woolley in 1559 from Francis Woodrove, all the profits from a large number of places in this neighbourhood, including Cawthorne and Silkstone.
The Parish Registers very seldom mention the occupation of any one before 1744. ”

“ It is to these Anglo-Saxon forefathers that we owe some of our national better qualities, and nearly all those great religious, civil, and political institutions, which are still influencing in their altered form our common national life. ”

“ By a grant of this kind, the king, in whom after the Conquest rested the exclusive right of taking and killing game of any kind, conceded this privilege to one of his subjects, "with the principal intention of protecting the game, by giving the grantee a sole and exclusive right of killing it himself, provided he prevented other persons." ”

“ Stanhope is joint Lord of the Manor of Horsforth, Silkstone, Gawber, Thornton, and Skelmanthorpe, with estates situated in the Parishes of Cawthorne, Silkstone, Penistone, Clayton West, Scissett, Thurgoland, Hoylandswaine, Gawber, Barnsley, Denby, Cumberworth, Horsforth. ”

“ From John, a younger brother of this Sir Edward Stanhope of HenryvVIIth's day, are descended the Stanhopes of Horsforth, who, as we have seen, became settled at Cannon Hall through the marriage of Walter Stanhope to Ann, daughter of William Spencer, and their son Walter becoming heir to his maternal uncle John Spencer. This first Walter Spencer-Stanhope took an active part in the politics of his own county, and through his family connection with the Lowthers of Lowther Castle, was elected Member for Carlisle in 1774. ”

“ He married Arabella, daughter of General John Calcraft of Cholderton, Hants., on the 9th of Sept., 1820, and left one son and two daughters. By Royal License he had assumed the name and arms of Collingwood in 1816, pursuant to the will of his great uncle, the Edward Collingwood mentioned above, who left him the Collingwood estates. On the death of his only son Edward, in 1868, the elder daughter Arabel, married to the Rev. Robert Gordon Calthrop, became possessed of the estates, and by Royal License dated April 3rd, 1868, they assumed the surname and arms of Collingwood only. ”

“ There are here given forty households with the mention of husband and wife, and about a dozen more may be safely added to these forty in estimating the total number of houses and population. The employments, which are given in italics, show the number of those who depended upon other occupations than those connected with agriculture. ”

“ Hunter speaks of having seen two original undated Deeds of one Thomas, son of Philip de Burgh. One of these was a Grant to a Thomas le Hunt or le Hunter, of Calthorne, and Dionysia his wife of a toft and bovate at Calthorne, with his part of Milnestede in exchange for a culture called Hudderode. Among the witnesses are Robert de Barnaby, Thomas de Sayvile, and Richard Micklethwayte. ”

“ Wilson made houses for his own workmen out of the farm buildings which are now "Collier Fold," being very desirous, let it be mentioned to his honour, that each cottage should have attached to it a good useful garden, as it still continues to have. ”

“ Stanhope taking the most active part and interest in the work, as well as giving largely towards it. Mr. Stanhope's younger brother, John Roddam Spencer-Stanhope, Esq., late of Hillhouse, Cawthorne, now of Villa Nuti, Florence, has for many years devoted himself to art, and been a conspicuous exhibitor in the Royal Academy, and especially ever since its establishment in the Grosvenor Gallery. He was born Jan. 21st, 1829, and married, Jan. 1859, Elizabeth, third daughter of John King, Esq., of Preston and Andover, Hants., and relict of George Frederick Dawson, Captain in the Army. ”

“ Cawthorne may very well be described as in many respects a picturesque village, and especially that part of it which lies scattered among the gardens of Tivydale, where the present neat cottages represent the original "squatters'" tenements built up and down upon the lord's waste, and paying him a merely nominal acknowledgment. The prettily-sheltered Lodge at the Tivydale entrance to the Park, from the designs of the late Rev. C. S. Stanhope, was built some sixty years ago, when the new road was made from Tivydale to Cannon Hall in place of the entrance by Cliffe-hill lane, by which old Mr. ”