Clements Robert Markham

“ In the sacrifice of birds,56
In the burning of llamas,
All men have seen.
We opened an eagle
To observe his bosom,
And divine from his heart.
We found it empty.
That eagle, as to Anti-suyu,
Shows we shall soon
Put down the revolt—
It augurs that they will submit.
Ccapac Yupanqui.
Cay Anansuyu Huaminccan
Chay Ancata quespichirccan
Payllatac chincarichirccan.
Chay chicca runacunata.
That valiant Anansuyu
Left this eagle free—
And she has been the destruction
Of so many men.
Rumi-Ñahui. ”

“ Love is allowed to break through the rigid laws of the Ynca court to some extent; but otherwise the state of society, and the manners and customs met with in the drama, agree generally, but not so closely as to justify a suspicion of plagiarism, with those described by Garcilasso and other early Spanish writers.
The drama of Ollanta is not alone in allowing a romantic passion to transgress the usages of the Ynca court. ”

“ Fear not, Ollanta,
At seeing me here,
For, in truth, it is because I love thee.
I will fly, where thou likest, as straw before the wind.
Tell me the thoughts
Ymatan toccllan souccoyqui
(Caman chai saccra)
That find a place in thine heart. ”

“ Pachacutec is succeeded by his son Ynpanqui, who had been absent for many years, engaged in the conquest of the coast valleys, and who is supposed to be imperfectly informed of the events that had taken place round Cuzco. He entrusted the command against the rebel to Rumi-ñaui, who adopted a cunning stratagem. Concealing his army in a neighbouring ravine, he came to the stronghold of the rebels, and appeared before Ollanta covered with blood, declaring that he had been cruelly treated by the new Ynca, and that he desired to join the insurrection. ”

“ They were performed before the ill-fated Tupac Amaru, whose intimate friend, Dr Valdez, committed the drama of Ollanta to writing, at about the time of the insurrection of the Ynca. [22] Thus we have a chain of evidence connecting the drama of Dr Valdez with the performance enacted before Tupac Amaru, the words of which had been orally transmitted from ancient Yncarial times. To these considerations are to be added the far more conclusive proofs of antiquity derived from the work itself. There is not a single modern or Spanish word or phrase in the whole work ”

“ In his monstrous sentence in 1781, the Judge Areche prohibited "the representation of dramas, as well as all other festivals which the Indians celebrated in memory of their Yncas." [15] This proves that the ancient dramas of the Yncas were remembered and actually performed down to the year 1781; for those composed by Spanish priests cannot be intended, as they would not be prohibited by a Spanish judge.
These considerations will enable us to form an opinion of the antiquity of the drama of Ollanta ”

“ Cusi Coyllur, where is thy joy?
Where are thine eyes like stars?
Where is all thy beauty?
Art thou an accursed daughter?
Cusi Coyllur.
Ay Ollantay, chunca huatan
Caracc miyu raquihuanchis
Cunantacc huñupuhuanchis
Alas! Ollanta, for ten years
A prison has separated us;
But now we are joined again,
Huc causayman: hinan huatan
Llaqui cusita Yupanqui
Causachuntacc Ccapac Ynca
Ccanri huc causay cactincca
Ascan huatatan Yupanqui.
And there is life! As many years
Of joy you will count
As the great Ynca shall live.
With this new life
You will count more years. ”

“ Chaymi ttanichina cama.
(Chaicanatan)
All wait in the plain
To receive their deserts.
Each is awaiting
And desiring death.
But the women who are there,
And the little children,
Who are all weeping,
Must be separated. ”

“ The heroic chief of the Chancas, defeated in the time of the Ynca Uira-ccocha.
(k) Macana is a war club.
(l) This is a pun of Piqui Chaqui. Huarancca means a thousand, but it is also the name of Ollanta's chief lieutenant.
(m) Uillcañuta is the snowy peak in sight from Cuzco (G. de la Vega, II. p. 255) . Ollanta, as the highest of men, is compared to the loftiest among peaks. Uillca means anything sacred.
(n) The use of the word count in these passages, is intended as a pun on the name of the Ynca Yupanqui ("You will count") . See note (2.) ”

“ I believe llama to be a correction hazarded by Señor Barranca. Atoc alone suits the text; and is, no doubt, the most ancient reading.
(31) Rirpu is a mirror, made of polished metal. This speech of Cusi Coyllur is given in the Antiguedades Peruanas, p. 117.
(32) In my copy it is Accochinchay, a comet. In those of Von Tschudi and Barranca the word is Chasca, the planet Venus.
(33) Here Von Tschudi's copy is faulty. He has chaquirichei. It should be chaquichicuy (dry again) .
(34) The Tuya is a bird that is very mischievous at harvest time (Coccoborus chrysogaster) . ”

“ It is thus clear that the Ynca chiefs were permitted by the Spaniards to retain a portion of their authority, that they were encouraged to continue the use of their costumes in order to increase the magnificence of religious processions, and that some at least of the old Ynca customs were preserved by special enactments. Under these favourable circumstances, the chiefs would almost certainly preserve the memory of the former grandeur of their country, and encourage the people to recite the ancient songs and dramas, some of which would eventually be committed to writing. ”

“ Rumi-Ñahui.
[Maipin ñinay Ollantaycca?
Where is Ollanta? Tell me!
Piqui Chaqui.
[Chusapunaccanmi tataycca
Manan pocconchu paccayca
Pocchupurccanmi callpayca
Sasan chay cuncu llantaycca
Ynca uccupin Mancanaycca
Ancha carus sallccantaycca] .
My father is from home,
And the paccays are not ripe.
I have a long walk to-day,
It is difficult to carry me.
The Ynca would cut up his body.
The desert is very far off.
Rumi-Ñahui.
[Astahuan phiñachihuascay
Ricuy huancunccoyquimantacc.]
If you vex me again
I will take your life.
Piqui Chaqui.
Ollanta? ccanin sayarin. ”

“ Enter Ollanta, Hanco Huayllu, and Urco Huarancca, with attendant Captains.
Urco Huarancca.
Ñan huamincca chasquisunqui
Anti-suyu runa-cuna:
Anchan huaccan huarmi-cuna
Ricunqui cunan ricunqui:
Chayantatas purincca
Tucuy runa, tucuy Auqui
Ancha carun purinayqui
Yma ppunchaucha taninca
Sapa huata llocsinanchis
Chay caru llactacunaman
[Chay aucca runacunaman]
Yahuartan llipi hichanchis
The valiant men receive thee,
Even the men of Anti-suyu;
And the women also.
Thou shalt see! thou shalt see!
They will march to Anta.
All the men and their chief,
Thou shalt march with them. ”

“ Enter Rumi-Ñahui dressed in mourning, with two Attendants.
Rumi-Ñahui.
Sallocc Rumi! Rumi Ñahui!
Yma quencha rumin canqui
Ccaccamantan llocsircanqui
Sonccoyquim curaca ccahuy!
(Chaimi ccasapac Yarahui)
Manachu maquiqui carccan?
Chay huayccopi pacasccata
Ollantayta ccarcoscata
Manachu yuyarircanqui
Tapara soncco casccanta?
Ah Rumi! Rumi Ñahui!
What an unfortunate art thou!
Thou hast escaped from a rock—
For me it is a sad yarahui!
Have you not in your hands,
Hidden in this valley,
The fugitive Ollanta?
Dost thou not remember
That he has a treacherous heart? ”

“ She who weeps is not a corpse;
It is a Princess who is here.
Yma Sumac.
Causanrachu cay huarmicca?
Is that woman still alive?
Pitu Salla.
Asuycamuy yanapahuay
Causanracmi ricuy ccahuay
Hay huarihuay cay unuta
Mattiy cuytacc chay puncuta.
Come near and help me.
See! she is yet alive.
Bring me some water,
And shut well the door.
She throws a little water in Cusi Coyllur's face, who comes to herself.
Sumac Ñusta ymananmi
Caycca unu, caycca micuy
Asllatahuan tiyaricuy
Cunallunmi yayamuni.
(Yaicumuni cunallanmi)
Beautiful Princess, wherefore thus? ”

“ The dramatic aptitude of the people was discovered by the Spanish priests almost immediately after the conquest, and they endeavoured, with notable success, to turn this talent to account, as a means of conveying religious instruction. Garcilasso tells us that the Jesuits composed dramas for the Indians to act, because they knew that this was the custom in the time of the Yncas, and because they saw that the Indians were so ready to receive instruction through that means. ”

“ Rumi-Ñahui.
Mosocc Yncan chay Cozcopi
Ccapac Yupanqui tiyaicun
(Tupac)
Caymi Tucuyllata raycun
Causac yahuar phosoccopi
Hinantintiña ccorospa
Manan sonccon tiyaycunchu
Tucuy ñucchun puca sunchu
Tucuyta sipin mosccospa.
Carccani: ychas yuyanqui
Chayta yachaspan Yupanqui
Huac yahuar paypa camanmi
Chay caracc soncco caiñimpi
Cayta ruray, cayta camay
Ñan ricunqui mama yayay
Caynam quirihuan huasinpi.
The new Ynca, in Cuzco,
Tupac Yupanqui, is now enthroned.
He is a cruel tyrant:
He lives in the midst of blood;
He shows no mercy;
He never softens his heart ”

“ The music plays, with tambors and pincullus.
Ollanta.
Urcco Huarancca Auqui cay
Anti-suyuta camachiy
Urcco Huarancca be noble!
To rule over Anti-suyu!
Caycca chucuy, caycca huachiy
Sinchi huaminccatac cay.
(Huaminccaypas ccantac)
Here are these arrows, here this helmet!
That you may also be valiant. ”

“ Such is all that is to be gathered from the writers who flourished in the century which witnessed the conquest of the Ynca empire by the Spaniards. We come next to the inquiry whether songs and dramatic compositions of præ-Spanish times were likely to be preserved, orally or in writing, by the Ynca chiefs and people. It was the policy of the Spaniards to treat the native chiefs with some consideration ”

“ They bring forth Ollanta, Urco Huarancca, and Anco-Huallu.
Ñahuinta quichay chaycunata
Ollantay maypin carcanqui?
Maypin canqui Urco Huarancca?
Cunanmi ticrasca canca.
Take off the bandages from their eyes.
Where art thou, Ollanta?
Where, Urco Huarancca, art thou?
Now thou art astonished.
They bring forth Piqui Chaqui as a prisoner.
Pitan horcco munqui chaypi?
Who is this brought with them?
Piqui Chaqui.
Chay yuncapin ancha piquin
Chaymi runata quirichan
Unu ccoñi chayta pichan
Chayllatan ñoccapacca sipui.
In the valleys are many fleas
That bite a man very sharp. ”

“ Which of you is the Ynca,
That I may fall at his feet?
Uillac Umu.
Caycca paymi Yncanchisca
Ymananmi sumac huarma?
That is our Ynca,
O beautiful child.
Yma Sumac.
Yncallay, Yayaymi canqui
Causachihuay huarmayquita!
Hay huanihuay maquiquita
Ynticc huahuay ñinmi canqui
Mamallaymi huañuccaña
Huc aucca ccaccan mattiscan
Sulluncunapun sipiscan
Yahuarñinpin ccaspascaña.
My Ynca! thou art my Father!
Give life to thy child.
Show favour in thy hand,
For thou art a child of the Sun.
My mother has been killed,
An enemy has chained her. ”

“ Ccapac Ynca
Chay huascataracc pascachiy
Cay huañusccata causachiy!
Friend of the poor! great Ynca!
Order them to unchain her,
Give life to the dead.
Uillac Umu.
Ñoccan chaytacca pascanay
Ñaccaricta yanapanay.
I ought to free her,
I should be her friend.
Ollanta.
Yma sutin mamayquicca?
What is the name of thy mother?
Yma Sumac.
Cusi Ccoyllur sutincca.
Cusi Coyllur is her name.
Ynca Yupanqui.
Ñan ricunqui pantasccatu
Chay sutinta, pampasccata
Maypis capunpas samincca.
You seem to be mistaken in
That name. She is gone
Where she has happiness.
Ollanta. ”

“ Rumi-Ñahui.
Quimsa ppunchau raymi cachun
Cusicuypas tacsa canman
Chaypacc ichas alliyaiman
Soncconco chaypac rimachun.
The Raymi will be for three days;
The time of joy is short;
By that time I shall be well.
I speak from my heart.
Ollanta.
Hinan cancca, quimsa tuta
Hatun Yntita huatasun
Cusipi tucuy tiasun
Huisccasunchis cay tamputa.
So be it. Three nights,
We gaze on the great Sun;
We shall be seated in joy,
For that time the Tampu is closed.
Rumi-Ñahui. ”

“ Arouse all men at once
To grind all the poison
And prepare our arrows,
That in wounding the enemies
Death may come at once.
Ollanta.
Urco Huarancca ccan acllascay
Auquicunata ñaupacpac
Ayllu Aylluta pusacpac
Ayllu Aylluta (pacapac)
Sayanantari unanchascay
Auccanchis manan puñunchu
Huc cutipi atipaspacca
Huc (yaicuita)
Cutipunccan tacca tacca.
Runa-cuna ccompisunchu.
I have chosen thee, O Urco Huarancca!
First among the nobles:
To honour thy lineage.
I have marked thee to be alert.
Our enemies do not sleep.
Thou canst conquer them,
And force them to retreat. ”

“ Ollanta! See thou to this.
Ollanta.
Hacu, huarma, utccay pusahuay
Pin mamayquita sipiscan.
Come, child, let us go.
Who has hurt thy mother?
Yma Sumac.
Amapuni ccancca riychu
Yncaypuni ricumuchun
Paytac payta recsimuchun
Manan ccanta resiquichu
Utccay Ynca sayarillay
Paccta mamayta tariyman
Huañusccata y happinman
Chalatanta: y uyarihuay.
Thou shalt not go,
The Ynca must see.
He it is who knows her,
While you do not.
Ynca, rise up quickly.
Would you find my mother
Lying dead? Listen,
And come to her.
Uillac Umu. ”

“ It is curious that these authors should not have been acquainted with the article in the Museo Erudito, and with the fact that the drama was first committed to writing by Dr Valdez. They give two extracts from the drama in Quichua. The complete text in Quichua was first printed at the end of his Kechua Sprache, by Dr Von Tschudi, a work which appeared at Vienna in 1853. [18] This version is from a copy in the monastery of San Domingo at Cuzco, which is exceedingly corrupt ”

“ Rumi-Ñahui.
Manachu Ccosco llactata
Ccahuarinqui huaccascacta
Pachacutec pampascata
Ricullay llapa runata
Ricullay llapa (llata)
Tucuymi yanata pachan
Tucuymi hueqquecta huaccan.
Seest thou not the city of Cuzco
Is filled with mourning,
Pachacutec is buried—
All men are dressed
In mourning clothes,
And there is great lamentation?
Piqui Chaqui.
Pitac Ynca tiay cuncca
Pitac (cunanri sayanca)
Pachacutec rantintani?
Pachacutec (qquepantari?)
Who shall be Ynca
To succeed Pachacutec?
Rumi-Ñahui.
Ccapac Yupanqui sayancca.
(Thupac)
Ccapac Yupanqui stands. ”