Henry J. Biddle

“ That expedition sent a detachment up the Columbia, and made an excellent, although small-scale map of its course. This map is dated 1841, and is the first map showing any details of the river since that of Lewis and Clark. The writer being an engineer, and not by any means a historian, cannot help viewing the evidence of a map as far superior to any written narrative. In a written description, particularly one written long after the scenes were visited, errors are very apt to creep in. In a map, from a survey on the ground, this is very unlikely. ”

“ But in the writer's opinion, inasmuch as no ordinary white man can pronounce the name as the In dians do it, and as Wishram is about as close to their pronunciation as Wisham, it might be well to accept the more euphonious name, which has received the widest distribution, and been made classic, through the work of Washington Irving. ”

“ A photograph of Spedis is shown opposite page 129 There are probably about ten inhabited houses there at present, and some dome shaped structures in which salmon are dried. The population is probably less than one hundred individuals, but there are many more of their own tribe, as well as visitors of other tribes, stopping there during the fishing season. The houses are mostly unpainted shacks of sawn lumber. The mound still stands beside the village, as when Lewis and Clark saw it. ”

“ They soon found, as white men have found, that to exact an extortionate price for their services paid better than threats and robbery. Their descendants today are "good citizens," and own many automobiles. But the writer has never tried to rent an automobile from one of them. ”

“ The longest-living author of this work died in 1928, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 95 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works. ”

“ Oregon Historical Quarterly, March, June, 1914. ↑ T. C. Elliott, The Dalles-Celilo Portage, Ore. Hist. Quar., 1915. ↑ Dr. Edward Sapir, Chief of Division of Anthropology, Geological Survey of Canada. A. B. Columbia, 1904; A. M. 1905; Ph. D. 1909. ↑ Wishram Texts, Publications of the American Ethnological Society, volume II, 1909. Notes ”