Richard Mountford Deeley

Name: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17 — Lubricants
Author: Richard Mountford Deeley

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (1911)

Summary

“1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17 — Lubricants”, published in 1911, is a work by Richard Mountford Deeley. It explores elements such as lubricant, oils and viscosity.

Quotes from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (Richard Mountford Deeley)

Richard Mountford Deeley, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (1911)

“ In such cases, the lubricant which keeps the surfaces from abrading each other is a mere contamination film, either derived from the air or put on when the surfaces are finished. When such lubricating films are depended upon, the friction surfaces should be as hard as possible and, if practicable, of dissimilar metals. In the absence of a contamination film, most metals, if rubbed when in contact, will immediately adhere to each other. A large number of experiments have been made to ascertain the coefficient of friction under these imperfect conditions of lubrication. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Richard Mountford Deeley, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (1911)

“ For all ordinary machinery, ranging from the light ring spindles of textile mills to the heavy shafts of large engines, mineral oils are almost universally employed, either alone or mixed with fatty oils, the general rule being to use pure mineral oils for bath, forced or circulating pump lubrication, and mixed oils for drop, siphon and other less perfect methods of lubrication. Pure mineral oils of relatively low viscosity are used for high speeds and low pressures, mixed oils of greater viscosity for low speeds and high pressures. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Richard Mountford Deeley, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (1911)

“ There is great diversity in the shapes of rubbing surfaces, the loads they have to carry vary widely, and the speed of rubbing ranges from less than one foot to thousands of feet per minute. There is also a large number of substances which act as lubricants, some being liquids and others soft solids. In many instruments or machines where the surfaces in contact which have to slide upon each other are only lightly pressed together, and are only occasionally given relative motion, the lubricant is only needed to prevent abrasion. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Richard Mountford Deeley, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (1911)

“ In many cases, oil-ways and grooves are cut in the bearings, and the lubricant is allowed to run by gravity into them and thus finds its way between the opposing surfaces. To secure a steady feed various contrivances are adopted, the most common being a wick of cotton or worsted used as a siphon. In cases where it is important that little if any wear should take place, the lubricant is forced by means of a pump between the friction surfaces and a constant film of oil is thereby maintained between them. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Richard Mountford Deeley, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (1911)

“ In the lubrication of the cylinders and valves of steam, gas and oil engines, the lubricant must possess as much viscosity as possible at the working temperature, must not evaporate appreciably and must not decompose and liberate fatty acids which would corrode the metal and choke the steam passages with metallic soaps; for gas and oil engines the lubricant must be as free as possible from tendency to decompose and deposit carbon when heated. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Richard Mountford Deeley, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (1911)

“ Liquid Lubricants.—Generally speaking, all bearings which it is necessary should run with as little friction as possible must be supplied with liquid lubricants. These may be of animal, vegetable or mineral origin. The mineral oils are mixtures of hydrocarbons of variable viscosity, flashing-point, density and oiliness. They are obtained by distillation from American, Russian and other petroleums. The fixed oils obtained from animal and vegetable substances are not volatile without decomposition, and are found ready made in the tissues of animals and plants. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Richard Mountford Deeley, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (1911)

“ The lubricants mostly used for such purposes are obtained from porpoise or dolphin jaw oils, bean oil, hazel nut oil, neatsfoot oil, sperm oil or olive oil. These oils are exposed for some time to temperatures as low as the mechanism is required to work at, and the portion which remains fluid is separated and used. Free acid should be entirely eliminated by chemical refining. A little good mineral oil may with advantage be mixed with the fatty oil. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Richard Mountford Deeley, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (1911)

“ In the case of fats and greases whose melting points are not much above the temperature of surrounding objects it generally happens that the lubricating films are so warmed by friction that they actually melt and act as oils. These lubricants are generally forced into the bearings by a form of syringe fitted with a spring piston, or are squeezed between the faces by means of a screw-plug. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Richard Mountford Deeley, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (1911)

“ When the speed of rubbing is considerable and the contamination film is liable to be destroyed, resort is had to lubricants which possess the power of keeping the surfaces apart, and thereby reducing the friction. ”

Richard Mountford Deeley

Summary

Quotes from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17… (Richard Mountford Deeley)

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