“ The efficiency in organization and in the exercise of political pressure which the labor unions of to-day show are due in no small degree to what the men learned from their protectionist employers from 1870 to 1890; that is, that solidarity in labor which manufacturers are trying to overcome is a solidarity of which they themselves laid the foundations, hoping to use it for their own purposes! ”

“ A no less interesting phase of protective work which is also developed in the articles is the alliance of those who enjoy tariff privileges with those who enjoy transportation privileges, immunity from taxes, land grants, monopoly of franchises, power of unrestricted combination, freedom from governmental regulation. ”

“ Hand in hand with the education machine built up by the protectionists went the political machine, developed until it has been able to control the elections in scores of Congressional districts—to name the chairmen of the Ways and Means Committee, to select the chairmen of at least the Republican National Committee, and to dictate to the very president of the United States! ”

“ Perhaps the most serious side of protection, as it has been worked out in this country, is ethical. As has been said, there has been at no time ignorance or silence in either party on the dangers inherent in a protective system. ”

“ While the educational and political machinery of the protectionists have always been active in any field where there was a chance of success labor has been its favorite field. Here it has applied most successfully its methods. ”

“ Throughout this period of twenty-five years there were always men in both parties insisting on the inevitable corruption that would come from an oligarchy organized to preserve privileges, on the deterioration in national selfreliance which would come from protecting people in their private undertakings. ”

“ What we have done on the tariff — why we have done it, and what the results have been, is the subject matter of the articles. We believe we are not wrong in our conviction that the time for shirking the tariff question — from diverting attention from it by threats of panic and depression — is passing. The country is strong enough morally, intellec- tually and financially to PTamiti^ thought- fully the whole case, to make up its mind what is good and what is bad in the ^rstem now fixed on us and then with due care but with due firmness to correct the bad. ”

“ Protection may mean monopolistic trusts, they say, but it means also raising the value of our steel and iron production from two hundred and ninety-six million dollars in 1880 to over eight hundred and four millions in 1900. ”