Various

“ Luke Howard farther gives cogent reasons, from his tabulated observations, for the conclusion that the moon has an appreciable effect upon the weather, exerted through the influence of its attraction on the course and direction of the winds, upon which it acts as a marked disturbing cause; and through them it affects the local distribution of temperature, and the density of the atmosphere. There is no constant agreement between the phases of the moon and certain states of the weather ”

“ And in this I think you will admit that Shakspeare's judgment must be deferred to, and that taking the character of Falstaff, together with the other circumstances detailed of his death, it is not natural that he should be represented as "babbling o' green fields."
You are aware that Fielding, in his Journey from this World to the next, met with Shakspeare, who, in answer to a similar question to that put to Göthe, gave a like answer to the one you report. This arises in a great measure from the imperfection of language; the most careful writers at times express themselves obscurely. ”

“ The alem is a large broad standard, which instead of a spear-head has a silver plate in the middle, bored in the shape of a crescent or half-moon. (Cantemir, Hist. Oth. Emp., p. 10.)
The sultan's barge, with canopy of purple silk, supported throne-like by four gilt pillars, is adorned with three gilt candlesticks; and only the capudan pacha, when going to sea, is allowed to have similar ornaments, as he is then considered as deriyá padishahi, emperor of the sea. Even the vizier is only permitted to display a canopy of green silk on ivory pillars, but without candlesticks. ”

“ I have upon all occasions advocated the economical practice of photography, and the present process will be found of that character; but at the same time I can assure your readers that a rapidity of action and intensity are hereby obtained with a 40-grain solution of nitrate of silver, fully equal to those gained from solutions of 120, or even 200, grains to the ounce, as is frequently practised. ”

“ The ground whereon you are going to lay this man is mine; and I affirm that none may in justice bury their dead in ground which belongs to another. If, after he is gone, force and violence are still used to detain my right from me, I appeal to Rollo, the founder and father of our nation, who, though dead, lives in his laws. ”

“ Process for Printing on Albumenized Paper.—The power of obtaining agreeable and well-printed positives from their negatives being the great object with all photographers, induces me to communicate the following mode of preparing albumenized paper; a mode which, although it does not possess any remarkable novelty, seems to me deserving of being made generally known, from its giving a uniformity of results which may at all times be depended upon. ”

“ Like the horn, it is an emblem of authority. Many of them have two fastened to the turban.
Your correspondent states that "the crescent is common upon the reverses of coins of the Eastern empire long before the Turkish conquest." I think this highly probable, but would be glad to see the authorities for the fact. I cannot admit, however, that the crescent was in any degree "peculiar to Sclave nations" for, first, the Sclave nations reached no farther south than Moravia, Bohemia, and their vicinity, they did not occupy the seat of the Eastern empire, which was partly Greek and partly Roman. ”

“ She was a second edition of the "holy maid of Kent."
THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD "AWKWARD."
Most persons who have given their attention to the formation of words, and have employed their leisure in endeavouring to trace them to their source, must have remarked that there are many words in the English language which show on the{311} part of learned philologists, the compilers of dictionaries, either a strange deficiency in reading, or a want of acquaintance with the older tongues: or perhaps, if we must find an excuse for them, a habit of "nodding." ”

“ Could any of your correspondents give any account of the family of either of them?
Y. S. M.
Gravestone Inscription (Vol. viii., p. 268.) .—The gravestone inscription communicated by Julia R. Bockett consists of the last four lines of the ballad of "Death and the Lady" (see Dixon's Ballads, by the Percy Society) . They should be:
"The grave's the market-place where all men meet,
Both rich and poor, as well as small and great:
If life were merchandise that gold could buy,
The rich would live, the poor alone would die." ”

“ Each sheet, as it is removed from the albumen, is to be pinned up by the marked corner on a long slip of wood, which must be provided for the purpose. In pinning it up, be careful that the albumenized side takes an inward curl, otherwise, from there being two angles of incidence, streaks will form from the middle of the paper. During the drying, remove from time to time, with a piece of blotting-paper, the drop of fluid which collects at the lower corner of the paper. ”

“ The picture should be fixed in a bath of saturated solution of hypo. The hypo. never gets discoloured, and should always be carefully preserved. When a new bath is formed, it is well to add forty grains of chloride of silver to every eight ounces of the solution.
A beautiful violet or puce tint, with great whiteness of the high lights, may be obtained by using the following bath as a fixing solution:
It may be as well to add, that although the nitrate of silver solution used for exciting becomes{326} discoloured, it acts equally well, even when of a dark brown colour ”

“ Absolute perfection is, of course, not to be looked for; there is no such thing in reference to human affairs, unless it be in constant and unobstructed growth and development. This is exhibited in Shakspeare's writing to a degree shown by no other writer. The shortcomings of Shakspeare are most evident when he is compared with himself,—the earlier with the later writer. But take his earliest work, so far as can be ascertained, in its earliest form, and the literature of the age cannot produce its equal. ”

“ SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
On a Passage in the Second Part of Henry IV.—The Death of Falstaff.—I have read with much pleasure your very temperate remarks on the fiery contributions of some of your correspondents; and I trust that, after so gentle a rebuke from certainly the most good-natured Editor living, all will henceforth go "merry as a marriage bell." Amongst the lore that I have picked up since my first acquaintance with "N. & Q.," is that profound truth,
"'Tis a very good world that we live in:"
but I must say I think it would be a very dull one if we all thought alike ”

“ The two cusps or horns of the crescent, and the circle of diverging rays in the diadem, suggest that the variation is simply one of number; and the derivation is strongly corroborated by etymology. The Hebrew word ‎ ‏קרן‎‏ (keren) is connected with, and possibly the original source of, our two words horn and crown. Its dual (karnaim) signifies horns or rays, as in Habak. iii. 4.
A fact mentioned by D'Herbelot may have some connexion with the Turkish crescent. ”

“ It is one of those interjections in which sound so echoes sense, that men seem to have adopted it almost instinctively. In India and Ceylon, the Mahouts and attendants of the baggage-elephants cheer them on by perpetual repetitions of ur-ré, ur-ré! ”

“ Now the real state of the case is, that just as forward and backward are correlatives, so also are toward and awkward. We speak of a toward child as one who is quick and ready and apt; while, by an awkward one, we mean precisely the contrary. ”

“ The addition of one drachm of acetic acid much facilitates the easy application of the albumen to the paper; but it is apt to produce the unpleasant redness so often noticeable in photographs. The addition of forty grains of chloride of barium to the two muriates, yields a bistre tint, which is admired by some photographers. ”

“ When this is the case, the paper must be carefully raised, the bubble dispersed, and the paper replaced. A thin paper requires to float for three minutes on the albumen, but a thicker one proportionably longer. At the end of that time raise the marked corner with the point of a blanket pin; then take hold of it with the finger and thumb, and so raise the sheet steadily and very slowly, that the albumen may drain off at the lower left corner. I urge this raising it very slowly, because air-bubbles are very apt to form on the albumen by the sudden snatching up of the paper. ”

“ With regard to the first seal, I should judge from its oval shape, the cross, and legend, that it is ecclesiastic, and has no connexion with Yarmouth.
Broctuna.
Bury, Lancashire.
MOON SUPERSTITIONS. (Vol. viii., pp. 79. 145.)
Notwithstanding the authority upon which Mr. Ingleby founds the assertion, that there is not the "slightest observable dependence" between the moon and the weather, the dictum is open to something more than doubt. That the popular belief of a full moon bringing fine weather is not strictly correct, is undoubted ”

“ Ladies' Arms in a Lozenge (Vol. viii., pp. 37. 83.) .—Broctuna has a theory that ladies bear their arms in a lozenge, because hatchments are of that shape; and it is probably that widows in old time "would vie with each other in these displays of the insignia of mourning." It has, however, escaped his memory, that maids with living fathers also use the lozenge, and that in a man's hatchment it is the frame only, and not the shield at all, which has the lozenge shape. The man's arms in the hatchment not being on a lozenge, it is scarcely possible his widow could thence have adopted it. ”

“ In France, the sportsman excites the hound by shouts of hare, hare! and the waggoner turns his horses by his voice, and the use of the word hurhaut! In Germany, according to Johnson (in verbo Hurry) , "Hurs was a word used by the old Germans in urging their horses to speed." And to the present day, the herdsmen in Ireland, and parts of Scotland, drive their cattle with shouts of hurrish, hurrish! ”

“ Frank Howard.
"Gennitings" are early apples (quasi June-eatings, as "gilliflowers," said to be corrupted from July flowers) . For the derivation suggested to me while I write, I cannot answer; but for the fact I can, having, while at school in Needham Market, Suffolk, plucked and eaten many a "striped genniting," while "codlins" were on a tree close by. And many a time have I been rallied as a Cockney for saying I had gathered "enough" instead of "enow," which one of your Suffolk correspondents has justly recorded as the county expression applied to number as distinguished from quantity. ”

“ The book of 1578 was prepared by the Puritans, and is so altered that the word priest does not occur in a single rubric. Young's book of 1633 is the first Prayer Book printed in Scotland; and the edition of 1715 is remarkable for "The Healing," though George I. never attempted to touch for the king's evil.
Should you deem this list worth printing, I will send another of occasional forms, now in my possession, from the reign of Elizabeth to the accession of the House of Hanover. It may lead others to do the same, and thus bring to light some forms not generally known. ”

“ I am one, and I know many others; but I am at a loss to know the meaning of E. D.'s remark.
Y. S. M.
General Wall.—Can any of your Irish correspondents give me any information respecting the parentage and descent of General Richard Wall, who was Prime Minister at the Court of Spain in the year 1750 or 1753 (vide Lord Mahon) ; also whether the General belonged to that branch of the Walls of Coolnamuck, whose property fell into the hands of certain English persons named Ruddall, in whose family some Irish property still remains? ”

“ That it is one among several standards, I admit; it is used by{320} the Turks as an ornament, and probably as a symbol, of their dominion, or in connexion with their religion. This may have originated in the following fact:—Mahomet, at the introduction of his religion, said to his followers, who were ignorant of astronomy, "When you see the new moon, begin the fast; when you see the moon, celebrate the Bairam." ”

“ Taken in this other sense in which we use the word fret, is it not probable that it has passed into a proverb; and that the lines, as given by Devoniensis, are a corruption of
"Well! don't fret;
He who dies for love will never be hang'd for debt."
—the invention of some Damon to comfort Strephon in his loneliness.
M. (2)
Tenet for Tenent (Vol. viii., p. 258.) .—The note of your correspondent Balliolensis does not address itself to the Query put by Y. B. N. J. in Vol. vii., p. 205., When did the use of tenent give way to tenet? ”

“ And this distribution obtains in very nearly the same proportions both in an extremely dry and in an extremely wet season."—Climate of London, by L. Howard, vol. ii. p. 251., 1820.
Still more recently, Luke Howard has summed up the labours of his life on this subject, and he writes:
"We have, I think, evidence of a great tidal wave, or swell in the atmosphere, caused by the moon's attraction, preceding her in her approach to us, and following slowly as she departs from these latitudes. ”

“ Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of Photography. Instruction in the Art.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits. ”

“ Howitt's Rural Life of England, Selby's Forest Trees, Thomson's Seasons (the edition published by Bogue) , Miller's Pictures of Country Life, all drawn and engraved by him, exhibit exquisite rural "bits," in which, like Bewick, Samuel Williams could express with the graver the touch of his pencil, thus far excelling his cotemporaries. The Memorials of the Martyrs was the last work on which he exercised his double skill. Of works not drawn by himself, Wiffin's Tasso shows some of his best efforts ”