Various

“ To excell in Fanaticism seemed a necessary qualification in this new parliment; and Oliver foresaw that they would soon throw up the reins of Government, which they were unqualified to guide, and raise himself to an unlimited power far beyond that of former Kings.
"It seems Mrs. Lambert continued to reside at New Hall during Cromwell's Protectorship, and that Col. Wite, his trusty friend, was often sent with kind messages and preasants from Oliver, who travelled himself in the night, with hurry and precipitation, to enjoy with her some moments of domestic comfort and tranquility." ”

“ Here and in several other places it is supposed that the next heir apparent of the crown was Prince of Wales. The heir apparent of the crown is indeed prince, but not, strictly speaking, of Wales, unless he has it given him by creation; and it is said that there is nothing on record to prove that any of Henry's children were ever created Prince of Wales. There are indeed some hints of the Lady Mary's being styled Princess of Wales; for when a family was appointed for her, 1525, Veysey, bishop of Exeter, her tutor, was made president of Wales. ”

“ I think I have now shown that Hume's statement rests on no sufficient grounds as to the authority from whence he derived it. But there is yet another reason against it, which is this: it would be necessary, before Elizabeth was created Princess of Wales, that Mary should be deprived of it; and this could only be done by a special act of parliament. But we find no act of such a nature passed in the reign of Henry VIII. There are other reasons also against it; but having, I think, said enough to show the want of any foundation for the assertion, I shall not trouble you any further. ”

“ Mr. Etty had several sons: Marmaduke, the painter mentioned by Thoresby, was one of them. He was called in those days a painter-stainer. Two others, James and William, were brought up to the business of a carpenter—as their father and grandfather were before then. William had two sons: the eldest of whom, John, was also a carpenter. The other was the Reverend Lewis Etty, clerk; who, about a century ago, was incumbent of one of the York churches. I suspect that no work is now extant which is known to be the production of either the architect or the painter ”

“ The Edinburgh Review, July, 1849, in an article on Tyndale's Sardinia, says:
"The Sardonic smile, so celebrated in antiquity, baffles research much more than the intemperie, nor have modern physiologists thrown any light on the nature of the deleterious plant which produces it. The tradition at least seems still to survive in the country, and Mr. Tyndale adduces some evidence to show that the Ranunculus sceleratus was the herb to which these exaggerated qualities were ascribed. Some insular antiquaries have found a different solution of the ancient proverb. ”

“ It is possible that a keen genealogist might succeed in connecting the illustrious artist of our day with the Ettys of Thoresby's time, and thus establish a case of hereditary genius. "Mr. Etty, the painter," had a son called John, who attained man's estate about the year 1710. He does not appear to have settled at York, and it is by no means out of the range of probability, that he was the progenitor of Matthew Etty, the miller; who was, I believe, a native of Hull, and who, by the way, named one of his sons, John.
EBORACOMB.
Parish Register of Petworth (Vol. iii., pp. 449. 485. 510.) . ”

“ Having an original and characteristic half-length portrait in oil, bearing to the left corner (below an oval, such as is found about portraits by Alex. Cooper) the name of William Whiston, which picture came from a farm-house named Westbrook, in Wiltshire, and was by my ancestors, who lived there, called a family portrait, I should be glad to know how such connexion arose, if any did exist. ”

“ With child-like meekness, and earnest sincerity, the once contemner and reviler of Christianity testified to me that all his hope for the future was in the great atonement made to reconcile fallen man to his Creator. ”

“ Cromwell kept possession of New Hall till he assumed the title of Protector, and was instaled at White Hall, in the Pallace of the English Kings: Then he chose Hampton Court for his Summer Residence. He led at New Hall an obscure life, without pomp, without luxury, having but two servants in his retinue. ”

“ Again, p. 271.:
"Elizabeth was soon after declared Princess of Wales; though lawyers thought that against law, for she was only heir presumptive, but not apparent, to the crown, since a son coming after he must be preferred. Yet the king would justify what he had done in his marriage with all possible respect; and having before declared the Lady Mary Princess of Wales, he did now the same in favour of the Lady Elizabeth."
Hume's statement is taken almost verbatim from this last passage of Burnet, who, however, it will be observed, does not say "created," but "declared" Princess of Wales ”

“ Cardinal Pole, contemporary writers, say anything about Mary or Elizabeth being Princesses of Wales. The only writer I am acquainted with who does say any such thing, previous to Burnet, and whose authority I am therefore compelled to suppose the latter relied on, when he made the statement which he afterwards contradicted, is Pollini, an obscure Italian Dominican, who wrote a work entitled L'Historia Ecclesiastica della Rivoluzion d'Inghilterra ”

“ Sir John Kyme is said to have married a daughter of Edward IV. Can any of your correspondents inform me where I can find an account of this Sir John Kyme, his descendants, &c.? I should be glad of information respecting the family of Kyme generally, their [24] pedigree, &c. &c. I may say that I am aware that the original stock of his family had possessions in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, and that there were members of it of considerable importance during the reigns of the earlier monarchs succeeding William I. I am also acquainted with some old pedigrees found in certain visitation books. ”

“ Collectors could in most instances, if they felt inclined to open their stores, give the required information in a complete list, and no doubt would do so; but still a great assistance to those engaged in the toils of biographical or other study could be afforded by the transmission to these pages of the casual "Note," which happens to have been taken at a moment when the book or portrait passed under the inspection of a recorder who did not amass graphic or literary treasures. ”

“ As the rightful heir of the throne she was declared by Henry, her father, Princess of Wales, which is the ordinary title borne by the first-born of the king; since the administration and government of this province is allowed to no other, except to that son or daughter of the king, to whom, by hereditary right, on the death of the king the government of the realm falls.... ”

“ The statement of Hume, that Elizabeth and Mary were created Princesses of Wales, rests, I am disposed to think, on most insufficient authority; and I am surprised that so illustrious an author should have made an assertion on such slender grounds, which carries on the face of it a manifest absurdity, and which was afterwards retracted by the very author from whom he borrowed it.
Hume's authority is evidently Burnet's History of the Reformation ”

“ Had any man who has three sisters, closely conjoined in bonds of amity, the privilege of calling any one of them a triple sister, I do not consider that he or his language would [27] be much benefited. ”

“ In the same way that the first-born of the French king is called the Dauphin, so the first-born of the English king is called Prince of Britain, or of Wales, which is a province of that large island, lying to the west, and containing four bishoprics. Which Mary, with the dignity and title of Princess, assisted by a most illustrious senate, and accompanied by a splendid establishment, administered with much prudence," &c.
Pollini's history is, as may be supposed, of very little historical value ”

“ Mrs. Rich, married to the Grandson and heir of the Earl of Warwick; Lady Falconbridge; and the Youngest, who lived in celibacy. They spent a week at New Hall, in innocent mirth and jollity; Oliver himself joining in convivial pleasure with his children, disengaged the whole time from state affairs and Political Speculations. ”

“ If we all know Shakspeare's meaning by intuition, how is it that the "true worshippers of Shakspeare" dispute about his meaning?
J. S. W.
Stockwell, June 27. 1851.
Replies to Minor Queries. Family of Etty, the Artist (Vol. iii., p. 496.) .
—"Mr. Etty, Sen., the architect," mentioned in the passage quoted by your correspondent from Thoresby's Diary, was John Etty, who died Jan. 28th, 1709, at the age of seventy-five. Drake calls him "an ingenious architect," and quotes these lines from his epitaph in the church of All Saints, North Street, in York (Eboracum, p. 277.) ”

“ The Italian then carefully explains that the Princes of Wales were in the same position, in regard to the English crown, as the Dauphins were to that of France. Pollino must have had good documentary evidence, since he describes Mary's council and court, which he calls a senate, exactly as if the Privy Council books had been open to him. ”

“ It seems to one a singular mode of proving that Pollini must have had good documentary evidence, by saying that he speaks exactly and positively; and I would ask what good documentary evidence would a Florentine friar be likely to have, who certainly never was in England, and in all probability never far from his convent? ”

“ Etty, the architect, is not mentioned in any of the biographical notices of that skilful artist, although its accuracy may be safely accepted upon Thoresby's authority.
The late William Etty, R.A., never claimed descent from the old York family. Most probably he did not know that such persons ever existed. His father, John Etty, and his grandfather, Matthew Etty, were established as millers at York during the latter part of the last century. To the occupation of a miller, John Etty added that of a ginger-bread baker ”

“ As the volume of "NOTES AND QUERIES" just completed has comprised a large amount of intelligence respecting the preservation of epitaphs, the present would, perhaps, be appropriately opened by a new subject of, I am inclined to think, nearly equal value.
JOHN WODDERSPOON.
Norwich.
SARDONIC SMILES.
A few words on the Γέλως σαρδάνιος, or Sardonius Risus, so celebrated in antiquity, may not be amiss, especially as the expression "a Sardonic smile" is a common one in our language. ”

“ A set of four perpendicular, equal, and equidistant straight lines are cut by a diagonal line, which runs from right to left; that is to say, from the higher end of the fourth line to the lower extremity of the first line. This diagonal then represents number 5, and completes the scale or tally of 5.
2. A similar set of four lines are cut by another diagonal, which passes from left to right, or from the higher extremity of number one, to the lower extremity of number four. The diagonal thus completes the second score or tally for number 5. ”

“ In Cowel's Law Dictionary, by Thomas Manley, folio, 1701, under the term "Senege," he says: [29]
"There goes out yearly in Proxage and Senage 33s. 6d. Perhaps senege may be money paid for Synodals, as Proxyes or Procurations." "Proxyes are yearly payments made by parish priests to their bishop, or archdeacon, in lieu of victuals for the visitor and his attendants" (which it was formerly the custom to provide) .
"Senage. The Senes be only courts to gather Senage and Proxye. The bishop should hold a Synod or Sene twice a year."—Becon's Reliques of Rome, p. ”

“ The more usual derivation is from σαρδόνιον, a plant of Sardinia (Σαρδώ) , which was said to distort the face of the eater. In the English of the present day, a Sardonic laugh means a derisive, fiendish laugh, full of bitterness and mocking ”

“ In Sir J. Hawkins's edition is the following note on the word "Sardonic" in these lines:
"Feigned, or forced smiles, from the word Sardon, the name of an herb resembling smallage, and growing in Sardinia, which, being eaten by men, contracts the muscles, and excites laughter even to death. Vide Erasmi Adagia, tit. RISUS."
Sardonic, in this passage, means "forced, strained, unusual, artificial;" and is not taken in the worst sense. These lines of Sir H. Wotton's bring to mind some of Lorenzo de Medici's in a platonic poem of his, when he contrasts the court and country. I quote Mr. ”

“ The colour of the hair and irides commonly indicates the colour of the skin. If they are dark, the skin is ordinarily dark; and if blue or light, the skin is ordinarily fair. I have seen flaxen hair and surpassing whiteness of skin with eyes as black as death. ”

“ That the Americans make most excellent ones, there can be no doubt; but I question whether they ever turned out a rifle which, either for finish or performance, would bear comparison with those made by Purdey, Lancaster, and others. ”

“ With regard to Mathew de Bitton, he was son and heir of John de Bitton and Havisia Furneaux. The residence of the family was at Hanham, in the parish of Bitton, Gloucestershire, at a place afterwards called "Barre's Court," from Sir John Barre, who married Joan, the great-granddaughter of the said Mathew. ”

“ Roger Burton, in the reign of Charles I., purchased of the Earl of Chesterfield lands at Kilburn, in the parish of Horsley, co. Derby, which remained in the possession of his descendants for more than a century. Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to inform me how he was connected with the Burtons of Lindley and Dronfield. ”