Various

“ Comparing this form with the more spinose species of Tuzoia, we note first the extraordinary extension of the dorsal line into long, upturned spines such as we find in some living Crustacea. Assuming that the longer spines occur on the rear margin and that the outer edge extends only to the keel, we note the very long spine in the usual position between the dorsal extension and the keel. If this is only the inner part of the test one or more marginal spines should occur beyond the keel. At least five spines edge the anterior margin exclusive of the dorsal extension. ”

“ Several rare, fragmentary valves collected at two localities in central Manchuria, constitute the material on which this species is founded. It is quite possible that they represent more than one species. Comparing the Manchurian species with those from the Burgess shale we note that in general shape it differs little from the genotype, but due to the fact that all the specimens preserve only the anterior portions of the valves nothing can be determined regarding the number and characters of the marginal spines. ”

“ A single Burgess shale specimen preserving the soft body, both within the carapace and the abdominal portion that extended beyond, apparently belongs to the genus Protocaris.
Both valves of the carapace are preserved. The left one is flattened out evenly, but the right is crushed in an oblique direction. In general shape and the presence and position of a keel, this shell conforms to Tuzoia but both reticulations and marginal spines are lacking. ”

“ Several specimens have been secured from the Lower Cambrian in southeastern Pennsylvania and two of them represent another species of Tuzoia that at first sight recalls the Middle Cambrian T. praemorsa and the Lower Cambrian T. spinosa. It can not be confused with T. retifera and it allies because of the presence of more marginal spines and the frill on the keel. ”

“ Accordingly, we may assume with reasonable confidence that the faunas are fairly represented in our present collections. Yet taking the case of the Burgess shale from which the largest collections (over 35,000 specimens) have been obtained, as an example, we find that in spite of the intensive collecting extending over a number of years, new forms are still found by casual visitors to the outcrop. Strange to relate, all the Tuzoia specimens, except the holotype, turned up only after two full seasons' work. ”

“ Large phyllopod with carapace consisting of two convex valvelike portions. Shell thin, and lateral portions semi-oval, narrowed anteriorly, probably curved evenly downward from the dorsal line; each valve increasing in convexity from the edges toward the keel that extends almost the full length of the shell in an approximately central position; posterior margin usually has several large spines; smaller spines may edge all but the extreme anterior portion of the margin; strong spines along the dorsal line in many species ”

“ Keeping this example in mind we can the more readily comprehend the likelihood of finding further material at any of the places and thereby alter somewhat our present opinions of the exact composition of the several faunas. ”

“ At Cranbrook the relatively soft Tuzoia beds, composing the Eager formation, [2] outcrop but poorly and consequently their relative position is not definitely indicated, but since the lower part of the Burton formation outcropping nearby apparently contains a fauna of similar age, while the upper portion contains the Middle Cambrian Albertella fauna, it becomes apparent that here the upper Mount Whyte, (Kochiella fauna) , [3] is absent. ”

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“ Both specimens of Protocaris thus far obtained retain the soft body, whereas none of the numerous Tuzoia specimens do, which in itself points to a difference of structure.
Attitude of valves in burial.—Some of the specimens were entombed in such a position that both valves were flattened together laterally. In these cases the original convexity of the valvelike portions of the carapace was reduced to almost paper thickness, the originally high keel being more or less displaced from the normal with attendant crowding together of the more dorsal and ventral portions of the thin shell. ”

“ The Bulletin, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes) , faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogues of type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. ”

“ The third locality is also in British Columbia, but many miles south of Burgess Pass, between Fort Steele and Cranbrook. This locality was first called to the attention of Dr. C. D. Walcott and some of the fossils were collected by Col. H. Pollen, formerly of Fort Steele.
The fourth group of localities is also separated from the two in British Columbia by the width of a continent. The two Pennsylvania localities are only a few miles apart along the strike and hence may be treated as one. ”

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