Valve

“ A valve larger than an automobile. The small, sixteen-inch valve on the side of the large valve is what we call a by-pass valve, and which, when opened, relieves the pressure, so that the large gate can be opened more easily. ”

“ It is evident that the hardest task is demanded from the spiral part of the valve, for it is that part which is first brought to bear upon the wood. This part also has a more solid structure and the denticles are much finer; it is moved by a muscle of considerable size; the power of this muscle is, moreover, sensibly increased by the fact of its being implanted upon the two middle parts of the valves, each of which can be considered as a long arm of a lever whose extremity passes over a space at least four times as large as the portion of the valve which, strictly speaking, does the work. ”

“ Valves dissimilar, the upper valve with an excentric axial area, the lower with an excentric raphe.
ANORTHONEIS EXCENTRICA (DONK.) GRUN.
Valves orbicular, with radiating, punctate striæ, closer at the circumference, producing the appearance of a border. Axial area not reaching the ends. Frustules occur free on the sands of the sea-shore. ”

“ A valve consists essentially of any simple hinged substance, arranged so that it may rise or fall, alternately opening and closing an aperture. A mere flap of leather, nailed on one edge, serves as a tolerably effective valve. At least one of the valves used by Ctesibius was a hinged piece of smooth metal. A piston fitted in a cylinder supplies suction when the lever is raised, and pressure when it is compressed, alternately opening the valve and closing the valve through which the water enters the tube. ”

“ The hydrostatic valve consists of a flexible diaphragm, one side of which is in contact with the water outside, so that since the pressure increases with increasing depth, it is bent inwards more or less as the depth varies. ”

“ In the Richardson valve, the valve proper is a disk, and the extended surface is an annulus surrounding the disk, while, in the defendant's valve, the valve proper is an annulus, and the extended surface is a disk inside of the annulus. ”

“ The non-return valve is simply a mushroom or ball valve without handle, lifted off its seat by gas passing from underneath whenever the pressure of the gas exceeds the weight of the valve, but falling back on to its seat and closing the pipe when the pressure decreases or when pressure above is greater than that below. ”

“ An irregular, round impression will be found at each end of the valve, near the hinge-margin. These show where the muscles are attached to move and close the valves, and hold them firmly together. The muscles run directly across from one valve to the other; and, to open a live mussel, it is necessary to pass a sharp blade between the valves, and cut through the muscles, before the valves will open. These muscles are called the adductor muscles and the scars or impressions on the valves are called the adductor muscular impressions. ”

“ Low pressure starting valve, used for piston hydraulic cylinders in which the lifting is performed by the down stroke of the piston rod, and in lowering, the valve allows the water to pass from above to below the piston, the water being exhausted from below the piston on its down stroke when the valve is in the position shown. ”

“ The check valve is entirely automatic. It is held open against the pressure of the water by a spring or a weight, but when the water is in motion is dragged shut, only to spring open again when the pressure is reduced by the escape of the water into the air chamber. ”

“ VALVE GEAR.--Thomas E. Evans, William R. Thomas, and Joshua Hunt, Catasauqua, Pa.--This invention relates to a new and useful improvement in the mode of operating valves of steam engines, more especially designed for pumping engines, but applicable to other purposes or to valves of steam and water engines generally. ”

“ Ð Balance valve, a valve whose surfaces are so arranged that the fluid pressure tending to seat, and that tending to unseat the valve, are nearly in equilibrium; esp., a puppet valve which is made to operate easily by the admission of steam to both sides. ”

“ Globe Valve.—A globe valve has the advantage that the valve is forced against its seat by the pressure of the wheel, differing from the gate valve, that depends on the pressure of the fluid to keep it tight. ”

“ But as these valves are placed in vessels, which are indued with life, and are themselves indued with life also; and are very irritable into those natural motions, which absorb, or propel the fluids they contain; it is possible, in some diseases, where these valves or vessels are stimulated into unnatural exertions, or are become paralytic, that during the diastole of the part of the vessel to which the valve is attached, the valve may not so completely close, as to prevent the relapse of the lymph or chyle. ”

“ The valves are so arranged that they present no obstacle to the free flow of blood from the auricles into the ventricles, but if any is forced the other way, it gets between the valve and the wall of the heart, and drives the valve backwards and upwards, thus forming a transverse partition between the auricle and ventricle, through which no fluid can pass. ”

“ Each valve is equilateral, but the valves differ from one another in that one is larger and generally serves to attach the animal to rocks and other objects of support by a stalk or pedicle. Thus the larger valve is called the pedicle valve and the smaller, on account of its bearing the calcareous supports for the brachia or arms, the brachial valve. ”

“ The face of the cylinder on which the valve works is raised a little above the metal around it, both to facilitate the operation of forming the face and with the view of enabling any foreign substance deposited on the face to be pushed aside by the valve into the less elevated part, where it may lie without occasioning any further disturbance. ”

“ Frustules single or in twos, usually broader than long, constricted near the margin. Valve with six to twelve internal projections forming with the outline of the constriction of the valve a polygonal figure within the circumference. Surface of the valve with radiating lines of puncta disappearing toward the centre, at which are numerous coarse puncta. ”

“ Shell solid, adhering, sub-regular, more or less spined, sub-auriculated, inequivalve; the right or inferior valve fixed, much more excavated than the other, and having behind, at the summit, a triangular face, which enlarges and elongates with age; hinge longitudinal, provided in each valve with two strong teeth entering into corresponding cavities; ligament short, almost medial, partly exterior; one sub-dorsal, muscular impression. ”

“ It is seldom, if ever, attached to other bodies. Shell more finely lamellated than that of the oyster, free or slightly adherent, sub-equilateral, very inequivalve; the lower valve very concave, with a summit more or less recurved like a hook; the upper valve much smaller, and formed like a lid; hinge without teeth; ligament inserted in an oblong arched cavity; one single muscular impression on each valve. ”

“ Brachial valve moderately to deeply concave, usually following rather closely the inside curvature of the pedicle valve, leaving scarcely a sixteenth of an inch as the probable thickness of the animal. ”

“ When it is desired to open the valve, force is applied to depress the valve-stem; this force compresses the spring, depresses the plunger, and opens the valve quickly, owing to the fact that the water can escape rapidly from the variable chamber, such rapid escape being due to the operation of the cup-leather, which now ceases to hug the plunger and acts as a valve, permitting the water to escape freely from the variable chamber. ”

“ Oscillating lever duplex valve.
1640. Simple radial disc valve or sluice.
1641 & 1642. Oscillating cylindrical valves. Corliss valves; sometimes made tapered or conical.
1643. Multiple ball valve, for high lift delivery valve of large pumping engines. Balls are of guttapercha, and open and close without shock.
1644. Multiple ring valve. The rings open and close in succession, thus avoiding shocks.
1645. Double beat ring valve.
1646. Double beat equilibrium or Cornish valve. The upper seating can be made of such area as to partly or entirely balance the valve. ”

“ Carapace semi-oval in outline, obliquely truncated be- hind. slightly mucronate in front. Dorsal line straight, somewhat shorter than the greatest length of the valves. Valves regularly convex, widest in the middle, length more than twice the greatest breadth. Lower and anterior mar- gins regularly curving to the lower posterior end of the valve, which is abruptly rounded, and from whence the margin is concave to the extremity of the hinge. ”

“ The dimensions of the valve-opening and of the valve are regulated by the judgment of the manufacturer as to the quantity of air necessary, and the resistance to be overcome in working the valve, and the inconvenience of the leakage of air. We are also satisfied that the vibrating ends of the lowest and longest reeds in No. 21 were as near together as they are in the reed-boards of alleged infringing organs. ”

“ If the trouble is in the valve or steam chest, you had best take it off and have the valve seat planed down, and the valve seated to it. This is the safest and best way. Never attempt to dress a valve down, you are most certain to make a bad job of it. ”

“ Connected together by pipes and controlled by compressed air, water can be transferred from one to the other at will and so the balance be always kept. Quite simple manipulations of a valve serve to accomplish this delicate balancing performance. ”

“ Each end of the valve is made to fit the enlarged bore of the steam chest, and it is due to these large valve heads, which present differential areas to the action of steam and the perfect freedom of the valve to move without hindrance from other mechanical arrangements or parts, that the flow of steam into the pump is automatically regulated. ”

“ Almost every type of valve and its gearing is clearly set forth, and illustrated in such a way as to be readily understood and practically applied by either the Engineer, Draughtsman, or Student.... Should prove both USEFUL and valuable to all Engineers seeking for reliable and clear information on the subject. ”

“ This device consisted of a vessel provided with a tightly fitting lid, so that under pressure its contents could be raised to a high temperature; a safety valve was used, for the first time, to guard against an excessive rise in the pressure. ”

“ During the performance, the right arm moves incessantly backwards and forwards on the body, in order to fill the bellows. The opening of a valve brings out a deep humming sound, which forms an ‘unisono’ accompaniment to the air. ”

“ A is the suction valve for opening and closing the connection to the manifold through which a vacuum is extended from the engine manifold to the gasoline tank. B is the atmospheric valve, and permits or prevents an atmospheric condition in the upper chamber. When the suction valve A is open and the suction is drawing gasoline from the main supply tank, the atmospheric valve B is closed. ”

“ In lieu of the weighted lever valve gear for single cylinder water pressure engines, the engine may be arranged to compress a spring during the stroke, which at the end of the stroke shall be released, and by its expansion reverse the valve. ”

“ Another form of automatic governor expansion trip gear in connection with Cornish valves; a single eccentric operates the four valves, and the contacts of the catches and steam valve levers are regulated by the governor, the lower or exhaust valves having a constant motion. ”

“ COCCONEIS SCUTELLUM VAR. ORNATA GRUN.
Upper valve with linear axial area, and transverse and radiating punctate lines which end at the border in a double row of finer puncta; lower valve with much finer puncta, a lanceolate axial area and a loculiferous rim.
Atlantic City. Common.
Pl. 16, Figs. 27 and 28.
The forms along the coast vary infinitely both in size and appearance. The var. ornata is very abundant along the entire coast. In any gathering, valves are found with or without the rim which is frequently seen detached. The upper valve is sometimes without the double row of puncta. ”

“ ACHNANTHES SUBSESSILIS KUETZ.
Valves linear-elliptical, rounded at the ends; upper valve with excentric pseudoraphe; striæ moniliform, puncta smaller than in A. brevipes.
Along the coast, in estuaries.
Pl. 16, Figs. 4, 5, 6.
The three species described above are named from the length of the stipe, but this varies considerably and is not of special significance.
ACHNANTHES INFLATA (KUETZ.) GRUN.
Valves more or less inflated in the middle, usually with the stauros of the lower valve asymmetrical and wider than in A. subsessilis, with which it agrees in size and markings. ”

“ Constructed of a flexible material, and made in form, as nearly as may be, to the valves of the human body, they may be said to be automatic in their action, or self acting; upon the pump being actuated, the least motion of the pump ensuring a corresponding action of the valve, and the most rapid action of the pump, being equally responded to by the pulsation of the valves. ”

“ Valve divided into three segments of equal width; ends cuneate and usually produced; axial area elliptical with a lunate marking on each side; striæ radiate in the middle, elsewhere parallel, about 20 in 10 μ, finely punctate; longitudinal line marginal, scarcely visible; the striæ become fainter toward the axial area. ”

“ When the chambers have attained their greatest state of expansion, the sides of the lower valve are forced upwards by the increased flow of the blood from the section below the valve, the lateral openings are closed, and the main current of the blood is projected through the two valves, as shewn in fig. ”