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“ On April 6, 1480, Alfonso ordered the captains of ships sent by Prince John to Guinea to capture such foreign ships as they might encounter within the limits laid down by the treaty of Alcaçovas ("das Canarias pera baixo e adjante contra Guinea") and to cast their crews into the sea. ”

“ They will not oppose or violate, nor consent, nor permit that what is set forth in it be opposed or violated, or any part of it, directly or indirectly, under any motive, pretext, or reason what­ soever, or that may be imagined or that can be imagined. ”

“ As the result of preliminary negotiations held at Alcántara in March, 1479, between Queen Isabella of Castile and her aunt, the Infanta Beatrice of Portugal, the bases for a settle­ ment were laid, and it was agreed that a peace should be negotiated and con­ cluded in Portugal. [3]
In the following June, in pursuance of this agreement, Queen Isabella despatched Dr. Rodrigo Maldonado, of Talavera, a lawyer i n whom she had great confidence, as ambassador to Portugal with full powers to treat. ”

“ When this point is reached, such point will constitute the place and mark for measuring degrees of the sun or of north latitude either, by daily runs measured in leagues, or in any other manner that shall mutually be deemed better. This said line shall be drawn north and south as aforesaid, from the said Arctic pole to the said Ant­ arctic pole. ”

“ That thus they [22] will keep, observe, perform, and pay everything, the said representatives, acting in the name of their said constituents, pledged the property, movable and real, patrimonial and fiscal, of each of their respective parties, and of their subjects and vassals, possessed and to be possessed. ”

“ And when­ ever their Highnesses and their successors wish to do so, and deem it expe­ dient, their said ships may take their courses and routes direct from their kingdoms to any region within their line and bound to which they desire to despatch expeditions of discovery, conquest, and trade. ”

“ Of all the foregoing they authorized two copies, both of the same tenor exactly, which they signed with their names and executed before the undersigned secretaries and nota­ ries public, one for each party. And whichever copy is produced, it shall be as valid as if both the copies which were made and executed in the said town of Tordesillas, on the said day, month, and year aforesaid, should be pro­ duced. The chief deputy, Don Enrique, Ruy de Sousa, Dom Juan de Sousa, Doctor Rodrigo Maldonado, Licentiate Ayres. ”

“ He was one of the signers of the treaty of Tordesillas, Doc. 9. ↑ His powers are dated Aug. 19, 1479. Santarem, loc. cit. ↑ This treaty is printed in full in J. B. Sitges, op. cit., app. 2. ↑ This is the article printed below. ↑ It is interesting to notice that in summarizing the treaty the chroniclers, Ruy de Pina and Nunes do Liam, describe Guinea as extending as far as the Indies--" O Senhorio de Guinee, que he dos cabos de Nam e do Bojador atée os Yndios inclusiva­ mente", although no reference to the Indies is found in the treaty itself. ”

“ References: Later writings. H. Schäfer, Geschichte von Portugal ( 1836- 1854) , II. 580-582, in Heeren and Ukert, Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten; H. Vignaud, Toscanclli and Columbus ( 1903) , pp. 62-64; id., Histoire Critique de la Grande Entreprise de Christophe Colomb ( 1911) , I. 207-211; Harrisse, Diplomatic History ( 1897) , pp. 2-5; J. B. Sitges, Enrique IV. y la Excelente Señora Doña Juana la Beltraneja, 1425-1530 ( 1912) , pp. 331 ff.
TEXT.This text is from the original manuscript of the ratification, signed by Ferdinand and Isabella, Mar. ”

“ E si los navios del dicho señor Rey de Portugal hallaren qualesquier yslas e tierras en la parte de los dichos señores Rey e Reyna de Castilla, e de Leon, e Aragon, etc., que todo lo tal sea e finque para los dichos señores Rey e Reyna de Castilla, de Leon, e de Aragon, etc., e para sus herederos para sienpre jamas; e que el dicho señor Rey de Portugal gelo aya luego de mandar dar e entregar. ”