Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah

“ Greetings! 'For the earth is Allah's: to such of his servants as he pleaseth doth he give it as a heritage' [8] ; and peace be to those who follow the true guidance! Written by Ubai ibn-Kaʿb." [9]
Khâlid ibn-al-Walîd goes against Musailimah. When, at the death of the Prophet, abu-Bakr was proclaimed caliph and, in a few months, destroyed those of the people of Najd and its environs who apostatized from Islâm, abu-Bakr sent Khâlid ibn-al-Walîd ibn-al-Mughîrah-l-Makhzûmi to al-Yamâmah giving him orders to fight against Musailimah, the false Prophet. ”

“ Those who lost an eye or suffered martyrdom. Abu-Sufyân ibn-Ḥarb was one-eyed. He had lost his eye in the battle of aṭ-Ṭâʾif. In the battle of al-Yarmûk, however, al-Ashʿath ibn-Ḳais, Hâshim ibn-ʿUtbah ibn-abi-Waḳḳâṣ az-Zuhri (i. e. al-Mirḳâl) and Ḳais ibn-Makshûḥ, each lost an eye. In this battle ʿÂmir ibn-abi-Waḳḳâṣ az-Zuhri fell a martyr. It is this ʿÂmir who once carried the letter of ʿUmar ibn-al-Khaṭṭâb assigning abu-ʿUbaidah to the governorship of Syria. Others say he was a victim of the plague; still others report that he suffered martyrdom in the battle of Ajnâdîn ”

“ Ubai b. Kaʿb, 18, 69, 135
ʿUbaid b. Murrah, 30, 396
abu-ʿUbaid b. Masʿûd, 401–402, 403–404, 405, 406
ʿUbaidah b. ʿAbd-ar-Raḥmân, 367
abu-ʿUbaidah b. al-Jarrâḥ, 65, 165–166, 172, 173, 176, 177, 178, 179, 186–190, 193, 198, 200, 203, 205, 208, 211, 213-216, 223–224, 226–232, 234, 244, 246, 254, 269, 270, 293, 411
ʿUbaidallâh b. al-Mahdi, 330
ʿUbaidallâh b. Ziyâd, 151, 480
al-Ubullah, 388
al-ʿUdhaib, 391, 401, 405, 409, 410, 413, 414, 463
Uḥud, 22, 28, 30, 35, 80, 140, 477
Ukaidir b. ʿAbd-al-Malik, 95–97
ʿUḳbah b. ”

“ He then fought against a body of men assembled at al-Madhâr. [7]
Khâlid proceeds to al-Ḥîrah. Khâlid then proceeded to al-Ḥîrah, [8] and left Suwaid ibn-Ḳuṭbah to rule over his district, saying, "We have crushed the Persians in thy district in a way that will humiliate them before thee."
Others report that when Khâlid was in the district of al-Yamâmah, he wrote to abu-Bakr for reinforcements; and abu-Bakr sent him Jarîr ibn-ʿAbdallâh al-Bajali. Jarîr met Khâlid as the latter was on his way out of al-Yamâmah, joined him and attacked the al-Madhâr's chief by Khâlid's orders. ”

“ Abu-Bakr spared his life and set him free. Ṭulaiḥah ibn-Khuwailid took to flight and entered a tent of his, where he took a bath and went out. Then he rode on his horse, intending to visit the sacred places, and came to Makkah, then to al-Madînah professing Islâm. According to others, he came to Syria, was taken hold of by those of the Moslems who were on a campaign, and sent to abu-Bakr in al-Madînah, where he became Moslem. Later, he distinguished himself in the conquest of al-ʿIrâḳ and Nihâwand. One day, ʿUmar said to him, "Didst thou kill the faithful servant ʿUkkâshah ibn-Miḥṣan?" ”

“ Dâr al-Ḳawârîr belonged to ʿUtbah ibn-Rabîʿah ibn-ʿAbd-Shams ibn-ʿAbd-Manâf, then to al-ʿAbbâs ibn-ʿUtbah ibn-ʿAbd-Shams ibn-ʿAbd-al-Muṭṭalib, and later to Jaʿfar's mother, Zubaidah, daughter of abu-l-Faḍl ibn-al-Manṣûr the "Commander of the Believers." ”

“ These men made terms with Khâlid, stipulating that they pay 100,000 dirhams per year, others say 80,000 per year, that they act as spies for the Moslems against the Persians, and that Khalid would not destroy any of their churches or citadels.
It was reported by abu-Mikhnaf , on the authority of abu-l-Muthannah-l-Walîd ibn-al-Ḳaṭâmi, who is the same as ash-Sharḳi ibn-al-Ḳaṭâmi-l-Kalbi, that ʿAbd-al-Masiḥ, who was an aged man, appeared before Khâlid who asked him, "Where dost thou come from, old man?" ”

“ Al-Ḳasim ibn-Sallâm and Rauh ibn-ʿAbd-al-Muʾmin from abu-Hurairah:—When abu-Hurairah returned from al-Baḥrain, ʿUmar said to him, "O thou enemy of Allah and enemy of his Book; hast thou stolen the money of Allah?" "Neither am I", replied abu-Hurairah, "the enemy of Allah, nor of his Book; rather am I the enemy of him who has enmity against them. I did not steal the money of Allah." "How then," said ʿUmar, "did 10,000 dirhams come to thee?" "Through horses" said abu-Hurairah, "that reproduced and stipends that came in successions and shares that mounted up." ʿUmar took the money from him. ”

“ When Muʿâwiyah sent them to ʿUmar ibn-al-Khaṭṭâb the latter gave orders that they be settled in al-Jurf. They were then distributed among the orphans of the Anṣâr, and some were used as clerks and manual laborers for the Moslems. The daughters of abu-Umâmah Asʿad ibn-Zurârah, having been given by abu-Bakr two servants from the prisoners of ʿAin at-Tamr who were now dead, ʿUmar assigned to the daughters two of the captives of Ḳaisârîyah to take the place of the two dead servants.
Muʿâwiyah forwarded two men of the Judhâm to carry the news of the conquest to ʿUmar. ”

“ Ibn-ʿÂʾishah at-Taimi from umm-Hâni:—Fâṭimah, the Prophet's daughter, called on abu-Bakr and asked: " Who will inherit thee when thou art dead?" to which he replied, "My son and family." "Why then," asked she, "hast thou—and not we—inherited the Prophet's possessions?" "Daughter of Allah's Prophet," answered abu-Bakr, "by Allah, I have inherited from thy father neither gold nor silver, neither this nor that." " But," said she, "thou hast inherited our share in Khaibar and our ṣadaḳah in Fadak." ”

“ Thereupon, Khâlid shouted, "On them! I see in them the looks of a people whose hearts Allah has filled with terror!" Then the Moslems charged them, put them to flight, and by Allah's help, killed a great number and caused others to drown in Dijlat al-Baṣrah. [3] Thence Khâlid passed through al-Khuraibah, [4] reduced it and carried its inhabitants away into captivity. He left over it in his place—as it is reported by al-Kalbi—Shuraiḥ ibn-ʿAmir ibn-Ḳain [5] of the banu-Saʿd ibn-Bakr ibn-Hawâzin. The city was a fortified frontier town for the Persians. ”

“ Abu-ʿUbaidah stationed in Bâlis a body of fighting men and settled in the city some Arabs, who were in Syria and who, after the advent of the Moslems to Syria, had accepted Islâm, together with others who were not among the forces sent to the frontiers, but who had emigrated from the deserts and belonged to the Ḳais tribe. ”

“ Attempts are made by Abbasside tradition to show that Abu Dzarr was driven into opposition by the tyranny of Muâvia’s rule in Syria, and by divers ungodly practices at Medîna, which he denounced as certain to bring down judgment on the city. But Ibn al Athîr justly doubts this, and distinctly says that his preaching tended to excite the poor against the rich. Abu Dzarr’s doctrines were based on the equality of all believers; and the danger lay in their popularity with the socialistic faction which decried the pretensions of the Coreish. ”

“ They were soon dispersed, and Khâlid, meeting no resistance, returned to al-Ḥîrah. Hearing that Jâbân was at the head of a great army in Tustar, [22] Khâlid sent against him al-Muthanna ibn-Ḥârithah ash-Shaibâni and Ḥanẓalah ibn-ar-Rabîʿ [23] ibn-Rabâḥ al-Usaidi of the banu-Tamîm (he is the one called Ḥanẓalah-l-Kâtib [the scribe] ) . No sooner had these two come to the place where Jâbân was, than he fled.
Sûḳ Baghdâd and al-Anbâr. Khâlid proceeded to al-Anbâr [24] whose people betook themselves to their fortifications. ”

“ They both now led the attack against Iṣbahân with al-Aḥnaf ibn-Ḳais commanding the van of abu-Mûsa's army. Thus they subjugated all al-Yahûdîyah as described above. Ibn-Budail, after that, reduced Jai; and they both marched through the territory of Iṣbahân and reduced it. The most reliable account, however, is that Ḳumm and Ḳâshân were conquered by abu-Mûsa; whereas Jai and al-Yahûdîyah, by ʿAbdallâh ibn-Budail.
Abu-Ḥassân az-Ziyâdi from a Thaḳîf man:—In Iṣbahân stands the sanctuary [6] of ʿUthmân ibn-abi-l-ʿÂṣi ath-Thaḳafi.
Persian nobility embrace Islâm. ”

“ Muhammad died A.H. 125, and was succeeded in the honourable post of Imâm by his son Ibrahîm. It was Ibrahîm who two years later appointed Abu-Muslîm-ʾAbd-er-Rahmân-ibn-Muslim, el-Khurasâny, then a youth of nineteen, to go as his representative to Khorassân. Abu-Muslim is called in the text the founder or establisher of the Abbasside dynasty. Ibn-Khalikân calls him the champion and asserter of the rights of the Abbassides to the Khalîfate. He was not of the house of el-Abbâs, nor do historians seem agreed as to his birth, some even maintaining that he was originally a slave of Kurd extraction. ”

“ Abu-Bakr gave him horse and arms. Al-Fujâʾah began to molest the people, killing both Moslems and apostates. He, moreover, gathered a large body of men. Abu-Bakr wrote to Ṭuraifah ibn-Ḥâjizah, a brother of Maʿn ibn-Ḥâjizah, ordering him to go against him. This, ibn-Ḥâjizah did and captured him. He then sent him to abu-Bakr, who ordered him burned in the neighborhood of al-Muṣalla [place of prayer] . Others say that abu-Bakr wrote to Maʿn concerning al-Fujâʾah, and Maʿn directed against him his brother, Ṭuraifah, who captured him.
Khâlid in al-Buṭâḥ and al-Baʿûḍah. ”

“ When Khâlid wanted to make terms with the inhabitants of al-Ḥîrah, Khuraim said to him, "The Prophet has given me Buḳailah's daughter. She should not therefore be included in thy terms." This was testified to by Bashîr ibn-Saʿd and Muḥammad ibn-Maslamah of the Anṣâr; and therefore, Khâlid did not include her in the terms, but turned her over to Khuraim. She was then bought from Khuraim for 1,000 dirhams, she being too old for Khuraim to marry her. Some one remarked to Khuraim, "She was sold very cheap. Her people would have paid thee many times the price thou hast charged." ”

“ On his arrival at Mahrûbah, which lay about two parasangs from Antioch, the troops of the enemy met him ; and he dispersed them and forced them to seek refuge in the city. Abu-ʿUbaidah invested the city at all its gates, most of the army being at the Bâb Fâris and Bâb al-Baḥr [sea gate] . At last they capitulated, agreeing to pay poll-tax or evacuate the place. Some of them did leave; but others remained, and to the latter abu-ʿUbaidah guaranteed safety, assessing one dînâr and one jarîb [of wheat] on every adult. ”

“ It is related from Ibn Ma'siid that, ' The Apostle of God said, " Verily one of the things which men have understood from the words of former prophecies is this : ' When thou hast no shame, then do whatever thou wishest." ' Al Bukhdri.
It is related from Sahl bin Mu'adh, from his father that, 'The Prophet said, " He who suppresses his anger, when he has the power to give vent to it; God will call him to the chiefs of creation on the day of resurrection in order that He may let him choose which of the black-eyed virgins (Huris) of paradise he may wish." ' At Tirmidhi, Abu Ddud. ”

“ According to Mâlik ibn-Anas and ibn-abi-Dhiʾb, there is no harm in cutting the branches of the thumâm plant and the ends of the senna plant from the Ḥaram to be used as medicine or tooth-picks.
According to Sufyân ibn-Saʿîd, abu-Ḥanîfah, and abu-Yûsuf, whatever in the Ḥaram is grown by man or was grown by him can be cut with impunity; whatever is grown without the agency of man, its cutter should be responsible for its value. ”

“ Al-Lâdhiḳîyah entered. Abu-Ḥafṣ ad-Dimashḳi from Saʿîd ibn-ʿAbd-al-ʿAzîz, and Mûsa ibn-Ibrâhîm at-Tanûkhi from certain sheikhs of Ḥimṣ:—Abu-ʿUbaidah appointed in his place over Ḥimṣ ʿUbâdah ibn-aṣ-Ṣâmit al-Anṣâri who left for al-Lâdhiḳîyah. [9] Its people resisted him and the city had a massive gate that could be opened only by a number of men. Seeing how difficult it was to reduce the city, ʿUbâdah encamped at a distance from it and ordered that trenches like canals be dug, each one large enough to conceal a man with his horse. The Moslems made special effort and got the work done. ”

“ Rather shall we select for ourselves some other place for prayer until abu-‘Âmir [8] comes and leads our service." Now, abu-Âmir had fled from the face of Allah and his Prophet to Makkah and thence to Syria where he was converted to Christianity. Hence the text revealed by Allah: "There are some who have built a mosque for mischief and for infidelity and to disunite the 'Believers,' and in expectation of him who, in time past, warred against Allah and his Messenger"—referring to abu-‘Âmir. ”

“ Some reporters claim that they capitulated, agreeing to share with the Moslems half of their homes and churches provided their lives be spared. Others assert that abu-ʿUbaidah found nobody in Aleppo, its inhabitants having moved to Antioch. From there they agreed in writing with abu-ʿUbaidah on the terms of peace. When the terms were concluded, they returned to Aleppo.
Antioch reduced by abu-ʿUbaidah. Abu-ʿUbaidah set out from Aleppo for Antioch [Anṭâkiyah] in which a large body of men from the province of Ḳinnasrîn had fortified themselves. ”

“ According to abu-Ḥafṣ on the authority of al-Waḍîn ibn-ʿAṭâʾ, Shuraḥbîl conquered Acre, Tyre and Ṣaffûriyah.
The sea-coasts reduced. It is stated by abu-Bishr, the muezzin, that abu-ʿUbaidah directed 'Amr ibn-al-ʿÂṣi to the sea-coasts of the province of the Jordan. There the Greeks became too numerous for him being recruited by men from the district under Heraclius who was then at Constantinople. ”

“ Accordingly, people, including those actuated by greed as well as those actuated by the hope of divine remuneration, hastened to abu-Bakr from all quarters, and flocked to al-Madînah. Abu-Bakr gave three banners [2] to three men [appointed them commanders] namely: Khâlid ibn-Saʿîd ibn-al-ʿÂṣi ibn-Umaiyah, Shuraḥbîl ibn-Ḥasanah, an ally of the banu-Jumaḥ and ʿAmr ibn-al-ʿÂṣi ibn-Wâʾil as-Sahmi. ”