Charles Bader

“ The retinal arteries are few in number and thin.
The changes in the arteries and veins of the retina observed at the margin of the optic disc, and in the area of the disc, are characteristic of long-continued increase of tension of the eyeball. On more careful examination, e. g. of the veins which from the lower margin of the figure pass through the retina towards the optic disc, we observe that the veins in the retina are tortuous and filled with blood, while in the optic disc, and where they pass over the white narrow rim which surrounds the disc, they appear thin and nearly empty. ”

“ The body of the scoop is slightly concave from the stem towards the bent end, and still less concave from side to side. At the bent end it has an elevated edge, which forms an obtuse angle with the body. ”

“ Iris forceps are made with blades of varying degrees of curvature; the surfaces near the points may be roughened or smooth; or the points may be toothed.
The points of the forceps used for fixing the eyeball during operation should be toothed. Each tooth should be sharp, and almost in a line with the blade, if the forceps are used for grasping the sclerotic. ”