Vein

“ Nothing is more simple, as you perceive, than to distinguish an artery from a vein; you have only to ascertain what is inside of it. When the blood goes out to our organs to nourish them, it is arterial; when it is returning back after having nourished them, it has become venous. But what—you will ask—is it going to do now at the heart, towards which it is on its road? It is going to seek there a fresh impetus which shall send it once more into the lungs, where it will again become arterial, i. e. and once more capable of affording nourishment to the organs. ”

“ Moreover, a vein is hollow to receive blood the more easily, and as it needeth in kind, that one vein bring and give blood to another vein. Also a vein is messager of health and of sickness. For by the pulse of the arteries and disposition of the veins, physicians deem of the feebleness and strength of the heart. Also if a vein be corrupt, and containeth corrupt blood, it corrupteth and infecteth all the body, as it fareth in lepers, whose blood is most corrupt in the veins, of the which the members are fed by sucking of blood, and seeketh thereby corruption and sickness incurable. ”

“ Then we made an incision in the Vein, after the method formerly publisht, Numb. 28; which method we observ'd without any other alteration, but in the shape of one of our Pipes; which we found more convenient for our purpose. And, having open'd the Vein in the Man's Arm, with as much ease as in the common way of Venæ-seetion, we let thence run out 6 or 7 ounces of Blood. ”

“ The distribution of the veins of the rabbit has only a superficial parallelism with arteries. The chief factors of vena cava inferior are the hepatic vein (h.v.) , which receives the liver blood, the renal veins (r.v.) ”

“ The dorsal vein is directly continuous with the right posterior cardinal, while the ventral one divides into three branches, two forming right and left renal portal veins and receiving numerous segmental veins, and the third becoming one of the affluents of the hepatic portal vein. ”

“ The commencements of these veins, when they are first of all divided, are called jugular veins; and having branched off in the neck from the great vein, they are continued to the trachea of the lungs. And if these veins are held on the outside, men fall down dead with insensibility, with closed eyes, but without choking. ”

“ This point in particular may be observed more clearly than the noon-day sun: the vena cava enters the heart at its lower part, the artery quits it at the superior part; the vein being now seized either with forceps or between the finger and thumb, and the course of the blood for some space below the heart interrupted, you will perceive the part that intervenes between the fingers and the heart almost immediately to become empty, the blood being exhausted by the action of the heart ”

“ Blood then ceases to flow along the allantoic vessels; they become obliterated. The vitelline vein, which as the yolk becomes gradually absorbed proportionately diminishes in size and importance, comes to appear as a mere branch of the portal vein. The ductus venosus becomes obliterated; and hence the whole of the blood coming through the portal vein flows into the substance of the liver, and so by the hepatic veins into the vena cava. ”

“ As to the influence that the other organs when affected, exert upon the veins, we know also but very little. As they are every where disseminated, like the arteries and the nerves, it is difficult often to know if it is the vein itself or the organ that it forms, which is the seat of the sympathetic phenomenon. ”

“ Throughout all the classes there occur what are called veins, containing diverse substances. The larking vein is extremely abundant in the superior classes—it is rich in brass knockers, bell handles, and policemen’s rattles; this vein descends through all the lower strata, the specimens in each differing according to the situation in which they are found ”

“ When anybody is hurt and bleeding badly, the first thing to do is to find out whether it is an artery or a vein that's cut. If the blood is bright and comes out in spurts, it's an artery. If it is dark, and flows steadily, it's a vein. ”

“ In the deepest part of the black a white vein is sometimes seen running with a number of small veins attached to it, but care must be taken that these threads are connected with and run, in some degree, in the same direction with the thicker veins. ”

“ In the rabbit a vein is a vessel bringing blood towards the heart, while an artery is a vessel conducting it away. Veins are thin-walled, and therefore flabby, a conspicuous purple when full of blood, and when empty through bleeding and collapsed sometimes difficult to make out in dissection. They are formed by the union of lesser factors. The portal breaks up into lesser branches within the liver. Arteries have thick muscular and elastic walls, thick enough to prevent the blood showing through, and are therefore pale pink or white and keep their round shape. ”

“ But so variable is the breadth of veins, that extreme contractions and considerable expansions sometimes confuse all regularity, and render doubtful even the connection of the seemingly disunited parts of such veins. "If we take a vein of 3 or 4 feet to represent a fair average size, it may be only an inch or two wide in one place and 8 or 10 feet in another. Such extremes not infrequently occur within a few fathoms of each other." ”

“ The vertebral vein, which is present only on the right side, may represent the reduced anterior portion of the right posterior cardinal, as Baldwin Spencer (op. cit.) has suggested.
[370]
As an abnormality the adult Frog may retain the embryonic connexion of the right anterior abdominal vein with the heart (Buller, Journ. Anat. and Phys. iii. 1896, p. 211) . ”

“ If the old vein widen, it may do so at its centre; but it constantly happens, with well filled veins, that the cross stitches are too strong to break; the walls of the vein, instead, are torn away by them ”

“ In performing the process of transfusion, the vein, which is usually chosen for blood-letting, was opened, and a quill, or other tube introduced in a perpendicular direction: the corresponding vein was then pierced in a healthy person, or more frequently in robust animals ”

“ Also among other veins open and privy, there is a vein, and it is called Artery, which is needful in kind to bear and bring kindly heat from the heart to all the other members. And these arteries are made and composed of two small clothings or skins, called curtels, and they be like in shape, and divers in substance. The inner have wrinkles and folding overthwart, and their substance is hard, and more boystous than the utter be. And without they have wrinkles and folding in length: of whom the substance is hard for needfulness of moving, opening, and closing. ”

“ When we expect to have to abstract blood again on the second, third, and sometimes the fourth day, we must divide the vein more obliquely, in order that by bending the arm the incision may be kept open and not heal speedily. ”

“ Moreover, when they appoint the pulmonary artery, a vessel of great size, with the coverings of an artery, to none but a kind of private and single purpose, that, namely, of nourishing the lungs, why should the pulmonary vein, which is scarcely so large, which has the coats of a vein, and is soft and lax, be presumed to be made for many—three or four different—uses? ”

“ It is farther an indication that the veins have frequent communications with one another, because they all become turgid together, whilst under the medium ligature applied above the elbow; and if any single small vein be pricked with a lancet, they all speedily shrink, and disburthening themselves into this they subside almost simultaneously. ”

“ The veins do not follow the twists of the arteries but run a straight course; for this reason there is often a considerable distance between an artery and its companion vein. Accompanying the veins are the larger lymphatic vessels, though there are no lymphatic glands actually in the scalp. ”

“ Where similar appearances are observed on a large scale, it will be apparent how much the form of the containing rock must change to admit of the motion of the included vein, and how the subsidence of a mountain must have followed the sliding of a large vein ”

“ It is carried out by arteries and comes back by veins, performing a complete circulation. He shows that, in a live snake, when the great veins are tied some way from the heart, the piece of vein between the ligature and the heart is empty, and further, that blood coming from the heart is checked in an artery by a ligature, so that there is blood between the heart and the ligature and no blood beyond the ligature. He then shows how the blood comes back to the heart by the veins, and demonstrates their valves. ”

“ Gentlemen, in cutting down upon an artery, in one of the extremities, you will often find the artery, the vein, and the corresponding nerve lying in juxtaposition. You can easily tell the vein, but you may be puzzled to know which is nerve and which artery ”

“ Whenever blood flows from a wound, some vein must be divided; and as you cannot insert a needle into any part of the body without bringing blood, therefore these little veins must run through every part of the human frame. ”

“ In order more plentifully to drain off these salts, which must necessarily be convey'd into the blood, more or less, in all our meat, and drink, Nature has well provided us with two great glandular bodies, the kidneys, plac'd at the extremities of two large blood-vessels, the emulgent vein and artery, derived from the great vein and artery, very soon after their parting at the heart, the fountain of circulation. ”

“ This remark I have had opportunities of verifying in cases, where needles have been introduced under varicose veins in the lower extremities, and allowed to remain, with a ligature around them, for ten days or a fortnight. The circulation through the vein will in such cases be obstructed; but, in a year or two, will be found to have become completely re-established. ”

“ I, innominate artery.
arrangement in man, on each side, is for the great vein of one arm and the corresponding side of the head to unite and form a single trunk (brachio-cephalic) , so we have two large venous trunks, one on each side ”

“ The minutest branches of the arteries, being reflected, become veins, or else they enter veins that are already formed, by anastomosis, as it is called; the small veins continually receiving others, become, like a river, gradually larger, till they form the venae cavae, which conduct the blood to the heart. ”

“ Again, smce the emulgent vein is the greatest os all the veins that proceed srom the vena cava, and carries more blood into the veins than is requisite sor their nutriment, the artery, too, is larger than only to serve to depurate the serous humour, and theresore he thinks it probable that nature, which makes nothing in vain, would not have sormed those vessels so very large unless with a view to some particular end ”

“ Farther, when we see the veins below the ligature instantly swell up and become gorged, when from extreme tightness it is somewhat relaxed, the arteries meantime continuing unaffected, this is an obvious indication that the blood passes from the arteries into the veins, and not from the veins into the arteries, and that there is either an anastomosis of the two orders of vessels, or pores in the flesh and solid parts generally that are permeable to the blood. ”

“ Naturalists tell of a noble race of horses that instinctively open a vein with their teeth, when heated and exhausted by a long course, in order to breathe more freely. I am often tempted to open a vein, to procure for myself everlasting liberty. ”