Edwin Cannan

“ Yet his preaching was entirely unemotional; no one was allowed to preach emotional religion in his pulpit, and the laymen whom he used to despatch into the neighbouring villages were strictly enjoined to abstain from adding anything to the printed discourses with which he provided them. His Sunday school, which was attended by upwards of four hundred children, attained a very high reputation, and attracted visitors from all parts of the country, even from America. He was almost equally successful in maintaining a day school which he established, and regulated with military precision. ”

“ He was appointed tutor of his college in 1813, bursar in 1814, and in 1819 was elected master. His ability and learning were moderate, but his devotion to the college and his zeal for its interests made his mastership remarkably successful. At the beginning of the thirty-five years during which he occupied the post the position of the college was not high; at the end it could claim to rank as the first college in Oxford. The change was chiefly due to the substitution of open competition for the old system under which scholars were elected on the simple nomination of each fellow in his turn. ”

“ FOULKES, PETER, D.D. (1676–1747) , scholar and divine, was the third son of Robert Foulkes of Llechryd, Denbighshire, deputy baron of the court of exchequer of Chester, by Jane Ameredith of Landulph, Cornwall. ”

“ Pilkington wrote ‘death has released him,’ but Bishop Newton says ‘he would have died a prisoner in the Fleet if his old schoolfellow, the Earl of Winchilsea, when he was at the head of the admiralty, had not made him chaplain to a ship of one hundred guns.’ He was still rector of both Turvey and Woodford when he died. ”

“ After being itinerant minister in Ireland for six years he became in 1810 pastor of a small congregation at Ilfracombe. He removed in 1813 to Bishop's Hull, in 1814 to Chard, and in 1816 to Christchurch, Hampshire. Here he found a scanty congregation, partly consisting of baptists. He promptly preached a sermon which, as he afterwards said, 'converted all the sensible baptists in the place,' and his congregation soon grew till it numbered a thousand, an extraordinary fact, considering that the whole population of Christchurch and the district within five or six miles was only about 2,500. ”

“ FANCOURT, SAMUEL (1678–1768) , dissenting minister and projector of circulating libraries, is said to have been a native of the west of England. One of ‘the four London ministers’ of 1719 was his tutor, and another his predecessor at the place from which he removed to Salisbury (Preface to his Essay concerning Certainty and Infallibility) . ”

“ HAWES, WILLIAM, M.D. (1736–1808) , founder of the Royal Humane Society, was born at Islington, London, on 28 Nov. 1736, and was educated at first by John Shield, and afterwards at St. Paul's School. After passing some time with Mr. Carsan, a medical practitioner, of Vauxhall, he became assistant to a Mr. Dicks in the Strand, and eventually succeeded him in his practice. About 1773 he became well known in consequence of the energy with which he maintained the possibility of resuscitating persons apparently dead from drowning or other causes of asphyxia. ”

“ Their ‘Hymns for Infant Minds’ followed in 1810. In 1811 Isaac Taylor was called to the pastorate of a congregation at Ongar in Essex. He remained there for the rest of his life, and as his own and his wife's works and most of those of his children were published after this date the family became known as the ‘Taylors of Ongar.’ In 1812, while staying with Jane Taylor and her brother Isaac at Ilfracombe, Ann received a letter from the Rev. Joseph Gilbert [q. v.] asking if he might be allowed to visit her with a view to marriage. ”

“ Chandler then wrote 'A Second Letter' to Guyse, which the latter answered in an appendix to a 'Sermon on the Death of John Asty.' The chief complaint against him seems to have been the fact that he had accused ministers generally of not preaching Christ. The disputants used each other extremely ill, but were afterwards reconciled. Guyse received the degree of D.D. from Aberdeen in 1733 (Gent. Mag. iii. 48) . He was an active member of the King's Head Society, which was formed for the purpose of assisting young men to obtain academical training for the ministry. ”

“ He was presented in the following year to the vicarage of Duffield in Derbyshire, and in 1772 to the rectory of North Okendon in Essex. He lived chiefly at Duffield, but resided at North Okendon for part of the summer, until rendered totally unable to do so by the effect of the Essex climate on his health. He satisfied his conscience on the score of his non-residence by preaching gratuitously in many churches in the neighbourhood of Duffield. ”

“ HOLLIS, THOMAS (1720–1774) , ‘republican,’ the only son of another Thomas Hollis, and great-grandson of a third Thomas Hollis, whitesmith, of Rotherham, and owner of Pinners Hall, was born in London, 14 April 1720. In childhood he lived in the house of his maternal grandfather, Mr. Scott, of Wolverhampton, and was sent to school at Newport, Shropshire, and afterwards at St. Albans. In 1732 he spent about a year at Amsterdam, with the object of learning Dutch and French for commercial purposes. Returning to England he lived for some time with his father, who died in 1735. ”

“ Foreboding death in child birth, she wrote 'The Mother's Legacie to her Unborne Childe.' a letter which gently but earnestly exhorted her son or daughter to piety and good conduct. Prefixed to it is a letter to her husband, giving him sensible advice as to the bringing up of the child. ”

“ In 1705 he was chaplain to the lord mayor, Sir Owen Buckingham, and apparently about this time was ‘commonly known as Father Fox.’ Bishop Burnet appointed him rector of Boscombe, Wiltshire, in 1708, and promoted him thence to the vicarage of Potterne, a better living, in 1711. He was chaplain to Lord Cadogan, and, from 1713 till his death, prebendary of Salisbury. In 1726 the lord chancellor presented him to the vicarage of St. Mary's in Reading, a living worth 300l. a year. ”

“ The library was taken by his creditors, and he retired to Hoxton Square, where he was supported by some of the dissenting ministers, till he died at the age of ninety, on 8 June 1768. In the Crane Court library catalogue he offered for twelve guineas to teach ‘any one of a common capacity and diligence’ to read, write, and speak Latin with fluency in a year, by giving them five or six hours' tuition a week. ”

“ He was admitted at Oriel College, Oxford, as a commoner in 1767, took his B.A. degree at the end of 1770, migrated early in 1771 to Balliol, and again in 1773 to Trinity. He was instituted to the Worcestershire rectories of Oddingley and Naunton Beauchamp in 1776, and in 1789 (Arnold, Petworth) to that of Petworth in Sussex. He became rural dean of West Sussex, and held the rectory of Petworth till his death in April 1816. ”

“ Thomas Bures, minister of the Silver Street presbyterian congregation, and in the next year he was chosen minister of the independent congregation of Haberdashers' Hall. In 1754 he was elected one of the three tutors of the Mile End academy, where he gave instruction in logic, metaphysics, ethics, and rhetoric, till the end of his life. ”

“ He was appointed canon of Exeter in 1704, and became sub-dean in 1723, chancellor in May 1724, and precentor in 1731. Of Christ Church he was made canon in November 1724, and was sub-dean from 1725 to 1733. He was instituted rector of Cheriton Bishop, Devonshire, in 1714, and vicar of Thorverton in 1716. Andrew Davy of Medland, Cheriton Bishop, who died in 1722, left him the manor of Medland and other lands in trust for his second son, William Foulkes. He married first in 1707 Elizabeth Bidgood of Rockbeare, Devonshire, who died in 1737 ”

“ FREIND, WILLIAM (1669–1745) , divine, brother to Robert Freind [q. v.] and John Freind [q. v.] , was admitted king's scholar at Westminster in 1683, and was thence elected to a Westminster studentship at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1687. ”

“ He was also fellow of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical, the Obstetrical, and the Ethnological Societies, and of the Medical Society of London, and for many years treasurer to the metropolitan counties branch of the British Medical Association. ”

“ FORDYCE, ALEXANDER (d. 1789) , banker, youngest son of Provost Fordyce of Aberdeen, and brother to David, James, and William Fordyce, each of whom is separately noticed, was educated under his uncle, Thomas Blackwell the younger [q. v.] , and was afterwards for some time in the hosiery trade at Aberdeen. Abandoning this occupation, he went to London, and obtained a situation as outdoor clerk to a banker named Boldero. Eventually he became the most active partner in the firm of Neale, James, Fordyce, & Down. ”

“ His third son, James, groom of the bedchamber to James II, married Lady Bellasyse. ‘England's Interest and Improvement’ was reprinted in 1673, 1713, and 1744; in Sir Charles Whitworth's ‘Scarce Tracts on Trade and Commerce, serving as a supplement to Davenant's Works,’ 1778, and in the Political Economy Club's ‘Select Collection of Early English Tracts on Commerce’ (ed. McCulloch) , 1856. It is a weak and rambling tract, without definite aim. ”

“ An anonymously printed folio sheet entitled ‘The Obligations Christians are under to shun Vice and Immorality and to practise Piety and Virtue shown from the express words of Holy Scripture,’ about 1707. ”

“ In 1727 he was unanimously elected to the Camden professorship of ancient history, no other candidate offering himself. Hearne relates that soon after his election he bought a hundred pounds' worth of books on history and chronology, 'on purpose to qualify him the better to discharge' the duties of the office. He died 29 May 1761, having survived his children, who died young, and three wives, Lady Tyrell, Elizabeth Woodward, and Mrs. Graves, daughter of Peter Cranke. He bequeathed 2,000l. intrust for the king's scholars of Westminster elected to Christ Church, and another 2,000l. ”

“ He held strongly the theory that by no means could any taxation be made to fall on the poor. ‘The poor do not, never have, nor possibly can, pay any tax whatever’ (p. 17) . The first edition of the essay (which is dedicated to Lord Anson) only bears the author's initials; the second has his name in full. A third edition was published in 1757. There are in the British Museum nine letters written by Fauquier to Colonel Bouquet between 1759 and 1764, chiefly respecting the military forces of Virginia, and one to Sir Henry Moore, dated 3 Feb. ”

“ On 29 April 1806 his father died, after having been minister of Kells for forty-two years, and he became sole minister. In 1820 he was chaplain to the stewartry of Kircudbright yeomanry cavalry, and the commandant wrote to him, asking whether in his service before the force he would pray for the queen. ”

“ A library conducted by him, in which the subscription was a guinea per annum, was dissolved at Michaelmas 1745, and he then carried out a new plan. This plan is described in the ‘Alphabetical Catalogue of Books and Pamphlets belonging to the Circulating Library in Crane Court’ (Fleet Street) , 2 vols. 8vo, 1748, which he issued in parts between 1746 and 1748. According to this scheme for ‘The Gentlemen and Ladies' Growing and Circulating Library,’ any one might become a proprietor by an initial payment of a guinea and a quarterly payment of a shilling. ”

“ His published works were: 1. 'Firmianus and Dubitantius, certain dialogues concerning Atheism, Infidelity, Popery, and other Heresies and Schismes that trouble the peace of the Church and are destructive of primitive piety,' 8vo, Oxford, 1674. ”

“ In 1632 he became rector of Sevenoaks. Charles I, when at Carisbrooke Castle in 1647, sent for him in order to consult him on questions of church government. He was ejected from Sevenoaks in 1650 or earlier, and had to work as a farm labourer in order to support himself and his eleven children. ”

“ Under his guidance this firm speculated freely, and gained a large sum by obtaining early intelligence of the signature of the preliminaries of the peace of Paris in 1763, and a still larger one when East India stock rose greatly in 1764–5. With the proceeds of these and other speculations Fordyce purchased an estate and built a fine house at Roehampton, where he lived in great magnificence. ”

“ The first election to open scholarships took place in 1828, and the new practice was confirmed by a visitatorial decree in 1834. The credit of this reform has been generally ascribed to Jenkyns, but he himself afterwards said that he had done no more than acquiesce in it with the gravest doubts as to the probability of its success. ”

“ GOOD, THOMAS (1609–1678) , master of Balliol College, born in 1609. was a native of Worcestershire or Shropshire. He was admitted scholar at Balliol College in 1624, and took the degree of B.A. in 1628. ”

“ By Anthony Fothergill, a husbandman in the county of Westmoreland,’ 8vo, 1754. The description ‘husbandman’ is no doubt an attempt at a translation of the Lake country ‘statesman.’ This work was followed by two pamphlets: ‘A Modest Inquiry how far the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England and the Creed ascribed to St. Athanasius are consistent with and supported by one another ”

“ This is a large diagram in which the attempt is made to illustrate the connection between the various truths of religion by means of lines, semicircles, and similar devices. 5. ‘Theology Real and truly Scientificall; in overture for the conciliation of all Christians, and (after them) the Theist, Atheist, and all Mankind into the Unity of the Spirit and the Bond of Peace,’ 1663. ”