Howard & Bullough American Machine Company

“ The Opening and Picking of cotton should have the same careful attention as the Carding and Spinning, although the latter processes may seem to some to be more important. Much more attention is being given to this Department everywhere to-day than formerly, and better equipments of machinery are being used. The same equipment is not equally good for all classes of work, as the machinery must be designed and adjusted for the particular kind of stock to be used. ”

“ The saving which can be effected in labor, and the better results obtained by a more thorough opening of the cotton and a more even mixing, can hardly be appreciated except by those who have seen it demonstrated by the use of our Hopper Bale Opener.
This machine is extensively used in England and on the Continent, where it is giving most satisfactory results. It is filling a need which has long existed. ”

“ OPEN WIND—This feature of our machine, together with its general improved construction, enables it to wind the most delicate yarns. The open wind with its irregular coils is of great advantage, as stretching of the yarn is avoided and it unwinds freely in the knitting process.
CONE AND PARALLEL WIND—These machines are built for winding either cones or parallel tubes, from cops, bobbins, spools or skeins. ”

“ Probably no other invention was ever taken up and supplanted other systems with such rapidity as that of the Slasher, in every cotton manufacturing country. Although Slashers are now made by others, the Howard & Bullough machine still keeps the lead, and improvements are being continually added. ”

“ TRAVELLER TABLE FOR RING SPINNING FRAME.
The speed, kind of cotton, etc., affect the weight of traveller, and consequently it is impossible to make up a table to cover all conditions, but the sizes given above will serve as a basis to select from. Lighter travellers should be used for higher speeds and vice versa. Each 1,000 revolutions of spindle makes a difference of one or two numbers in travellers. ”

“ All the gears on the Jack Shaft revolve in the same direction as the shaft itself. This reduces considerably the work the cone belt has to do, saves power, and gives more accurate winding and evener and better work. ”

“ Our Improved Ring Spinning Frames are made from entirely new patterns, and not only combine the best features previously brought out in such machines, but also many new ideas and improvements which have proved of great benefit to both manufacturers and spinners. ”

“ The cam and bowl in this motion are of hardened steel, and the cam runs in oil.
Our Motion gives an instantaneous reversal, and prevents the throwing over of the yarn at the ends, ensuring a perfectly shaped cone or parallel Tube.
ADJUSTABLE TRAVERSE—The length of the traverse can be adjusted from 4 in. to 6 in. by a very simple method.
AVAILABLE SPEED TRAVERSE—By means of a change gear on the Main Driving Shaft, the ratio of the speed of the traverse to the speed of the drum can be altered. A ratio which is best suited to coarse yarn is not the best for fine yarn. ”

“ We are always glad to take up special cases and make recommendations in connection with the conveying and distribution of cotton either for short or long distances.
An advantage which is not usually thought of or appreciated is the more even Breaker laps obtained where a Hopper Bale Opener and distributing system are used. The Hoppers of the Feeders are more evenly fed and the stock is in a much better condition than when mixed and fed by hand.
CONSTRUCTION—The machine is very strongly built throughout. An extra large Hopper is an advantage possessed by this Opener. ”

“ The Worm Gear Shaft is driven by a sprocket chain in the bead end. The speed of this shaft and consequently the speed of the traverse is increased or decreased by changing the Sprocket Gear.
The bevel gears are well protected from dust and fly by a cover, and the Builder screw itself is provided with a cleaner which prevents the collection of dirt in the threads. ”

“ OUTSIDE HANDLES FOR DUST DOORS—We have recently added handles on the outside of the machine for dropping the cut-off board under the grids. The dirt and leaf which collect on this board are liable to fill up the grids if not regularly removed. The outside handles make the dropping of the cut-off boards very convenient and much reduce the liability of neglect on the part of the attendant. ”

“ Cleaning Trunk is of special advantage to mills using low grade stock. All cotton contains more or less light dirt and leaf, which it is difficult to entirely remove in the Lappers, on account of the fan draft essential to the formation of a good sheet on the screens carrying some of the lighter impurities along with the cotton. The passing of the stock over the transverse Grids in the Cleaning Trunk at a low velocity provides an efficient means for removing this dirt and leaf. ”

“ CASING-OFF PLATES—The Front Casing-off Plates for Bobbin and Spindle Shafts are made of polished steel and are circular in shape. They are light, strong, cannot be broken, and are easily kept clean.
IMPROVED CAP BARS—Cast-iron Cap Bars give trouble on account of the fingers being twisted, and frequent breakages. The illustrations show the construction of our improved Cap Bar, which entirely obviates these difficulties. Figure 1 is a back view of our Cap Bar applied to a machine with four spindles in a box, and Figure 2 an end view of same. ”

“ The Howard & Bullough Patent Electric Stop Motion Drawing Frame has proved one of the most successful machines ever invented, and there are large numbers of deliveries at work in every Cotton Spinning country.
We build both Electric and Mechanical Stop Motion Frames, but the great majority of our orders are for machines with Electric Stop Motions.
The quality of sliver produced by these machines cannot be surpassed; a great saving in waste "single" and roller laps is effected, and production is increased.
Machines stop:
1st—When sliver breaks at back or a can runs out. ”

“ As long as the sliver remains between the rolls they are kept apart and there is no circuit. When the sliver breaks or a can runs out the rolls come together and the frame knocks off.
STOP MOTION No.2—The Top Clearer Cover H has a screw K on the under side. If the cotton laps around the top or bottom front roll, the top roll is lifted and comes in contact with screw K, which completes the circuit and the machine stops.
STOP MOTION No. 3—The cotton sliver prevents the calender rolls L and M from touching each other. If the sliver breaks, the rolls touch and the machine stops instantly. ”

“ LIFTING RODS—The Lifting Rods, as will be seen in the several illustrations, do not have any foot castings attached to them. They can therefore be easily taken out, cleaned and put back without the necessity of readjustment. These rods are accurately turned and finished by a special process to prevent sticking. The Wave Shaft Arms are designed so that the Ring Rails can be easily leveled by means of adjusting screws.
CREELS—The Creels are constructed with large diameter supporting rods so as to ensure rigidity, reduce vibration and prevent stretching the roving. ”

“ These frames are so well known to the users of Cotton Machinery that no general description is necessary. They have extra heavy framing, are made entirely by special tools, and all parts are exact duplicates. They are of superior construction and finish, and will stand the highest speeds without vibration or breakage. ”

“ IMPROVED METHOD OF TIGHTENING THE CONE BELT does away with frequent taking-up. When slack, the belt may be tightened in a few moments by means of a Quadrant Bracket. Over 5 in. of stretch can be taken care of without re-piecing. A great saving is effected in labor, stoppages and cone belts.
WINDING BACK THE RACK AND CONE BELT is done from the front of the machine.
IMPROVED SYSTEM OF BALANCING THE TOP OR BOBBIN RAIL—This rail, with its gearing, collars, bobbins, etc., is now supported under its center of gravity by a set of levers, thus relieving the slides and racks of this weight. ”

“ LOW FRAMING AND HEAVY RIGID CONSTRUCTION— The frames are built very low, are extra heavy in all their principal parts and are designed and constructed so as to stand high speeds without vibration, thus preserving the spindles, insuring light running and reducing the cost of repairs.
DRY AND WET TWISTING—We build machines for either Dry or Wet Twisting. When for wet work the bottom and top rolls are covered with brass, and brass troughs are provided for the water. The yarn is submerged by means of glass rods which are easily raised or lowered. ”

“ BEATERS—Although the cuts show Single Beater machines, we build them with two Beaters if required or with one Cylinder and one Beater.
IMPROVED CALENDER HEAD—Our Lappers have many valuable special features, including our improved Calender Head, which allows the machine to be stopped by the Drop Handle without breaking the lap. When the lap is of the required length and the machine knocks off, the large Lap Rolls as well as the Calender Rolls, Feed Apron and Cages stop, and the lap is not broken. ”

“ The English system of numbering Card Clothing is now generally used by Cotton Mills. We give below the numbers and points per square foot:
The following numbers are generally used for Cylinders: Coarse, heavy work, 80s and 90s; medium to fine work, 100s and 110s; fine work, 120s and 130s.
Doffers are usually 10 numbers higher or finer than Cylinders.
There is considerable variation in the Clothing used for Tops. Some prefer thinner set than the Cylinders, others about the same as the Cylinders, and a few the same numbers as the Doffers. ”

“ The main points considered in the design of this 30-inch cylinder were, more thorough opening of the cotton, greater production without injury to the staple, and better cleaning.
These Cylinders are made from steel boiler plates, and the steel fingers are fastened on by rivets. These fingers are so arranged that in one revolution they strike all points along the entire width of the feed rolls. In case of accident to fingers, caused by some hard substance getting into the machine, the damaged fingers can be easily replaced. ”

“ The work which these machines are called upon to do may vary from winding very coarse ply yarns to fine single yarns, and a variable speed traverse is of advantage.
DRIVING PULLEYS—These are 18 in. dia., 2-1/2 in. face, Tight and Loose, and usually make 100 to 125 revs., according to the class of work.
PRODUCTION—Based on 125 revs. of Driving Pulleys, with 20 per cent allowance for stops, the production per drum per week of 60 hours figures 500 hanks (hanks/number of yarn = lbs.)
FLOOR PLAN OF CONE WINDER
Machines are 42 in. wide and are usually built with 100 drums, 36 ft. ”

“ Each machine has a countershaft and pulleys complete with stands as shown.
BEATER BOXES—All our beater boxes are fixed and our feed rolls adjustable, which we consider superior to having the beaters adjustable. After thorough investigation and long practice we have found that adjustable beaters are liable to get out of line, causing them to heat and wear quickly. ”

“ Winding is produced by the bobbins running faster than the spindles, therefore Q, which is driven from the bottom cone through carrier gears, must revolve. Its speed changes as the bobbins increase in diameter, being governed by the position of the cone belt, which is shifted slightly as each layer is put on the bobbins. ”

“ It is difficult to give hard and fast rules for figuring the Taper and Tension Gears, as the required number of teeth on these gears is affected by the kind of stock, length of staple, amount of twist, temperature and humidity. ”

“ Vibration in a Separator means bad work, and we have given special attention to this point, as evidenced by the double bearings for the lifting rods, the stiffness of the Separator rod carrying the blades, and the general design. ”

“ Our Patent Conical Concentric Bends have five setting points on each side of the machine. The Bends and Flats can be kept perfectly concentric with the Cylinder at every point until the Clothing is worn out. ”

“ LICKER-IN SHIELDS—To prevent the accumulation of fly around the bearings and pedestals and the climbing of oil over the ends of the Licker-in onto the clothing, we supply stationary shields at each end. ”

“ As the cut shows the number of teeth in all the gears of the Differential, it will readily be seen that if Q and Q1 are held stationary, the speed of S1 will be retarded 1 rev. for every 5 revs. the Jack Shaft makes, and the spindles and bobbins will be running at the same speed, no winding taking place. ”

“ Reels are usually made with 50 or 60 spindles each, but can be made either longer or shorter. The common gauge is 3-1/2 in., the length of which with 50 spindles is 16 ft. 8-1/2 in. and width 3 ft. 9 in. Machines are made for 54-in., 60-in., 72-in. and 90-in. skeins, usually 54 in.
Driving pulleys are 12 in. x 2 in.
The usual speed with 54-in. swifts is 130 revs. We give below production table for 54-in. skeins.
50 per cent. allowance has been made in above table for doffing, etc. ”

“ LONG COLLARS OR BOLSTERS are fastened in a vertical position by an improved method which prevents their working loose. They are bored throughout their entire length, thus reducing the liability of dirt accumulating inside and causing the spindles to bind. ”

“ The shaft cannot be cut by this set screw as it bears on the split hub.
CYLINDER HEAD BEARING AND CAP
The shafts are steel, fitted with Woodruff Keys and Phosphor Bronze Bushes with Collars, which make the bearings self-oiling and practically free from wear. Heavy tin is used in the construction of the Cylinders which are carefully balanced and thoroughly tested.
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TWIST GEARING
Simplicity and convenience characterize our Ring Spinning Frame gearing. All gears are cut. They are of ample width, run quietly and are well boxed to prevent accidents. ”