Philip Schaff

“ The liturgy is given in Renaudot’s Liturgiarum Orientalium Collectio, tom. i. pp. 120–148, [47] in Neale’s two works, and in Daniel’s Codex Liturgicus
5. The Liturgy of the Apostles Adæus and Maris. This liturgy has been brought prominently forward by Neale, who says: “It is generally passed over as of very inferior importance, and Renaudot alone seems to have been prepared to acknowledge in some degree its great antiquity.” [48] He thinks that it is “one of the earliest, and perhaps the very earliest, of the many formularies of the Christian Sacrifice.” ”

“ Previously the faithful everywhere had imitated the sacrifices of their fathers, Noah and Abraham, who reared their altars everywhere, as Job also did,—wherever they dwelt or sojourned. Now mark the first step towards a more spiritual worship, based, nevertheless, on the fundamental principle of sacrifice. Moses ordains as follows:—
1. “When ye go over Jordan, and dwell in the land which the Lord your God giveth you,...then there shall be a place which the Lord your God shall choose to cause His name to dwell there; thither shall ye bring all that I command you, your burnt-offerings,” etc. ”

“ The whole science is in its infancy; and we have no specimen of a primitive liturgy unless it be the Clementine, so called. The specimens here given are like cloth of gold (Ps. xlv. 13) , moth-eaten and patched, and spangled over with tinsel; and the true artist has only the one object in view,—to restore it, that is, to the king’s daughter, as it was aforetime.
The following is the announcement of the Messrs. Clark in the Edinburgh edition: “The Liturgy of St. James has been translated by William Macdonald, M.A. ”

“ We find the institution of choral worship and the chanting of hymns—e.g., of Moses and Miriam, and Hannah (Samuel’s mother) —in full operation under Samuel.
3. We find David at this juncture inspired, as “the sweet singer of Israel,” to supply the Psalter, which in divers arrangements has continued among Christians to be the marrow of public worship “in every place,” and throughout the world. ”

“ Others think that there is no real historical proof of their early existence at all,—that they all belong to a late date, and bear evident marks of having been written long after the age of the apostles. ”

“ They are so much Greek and Latin rendered grammatically by competent scholars, who have no theories to sustain, and who are equally devoid of technique and of a disposition to exhibit it for the support of preconceptions. ”

“ Thus the Christian Church was provided with a system of worship from the hour of its institution, [18] the synaxis succeeding the synagogue; the “ministration of the word” being enriched by Gospels and Epistles, by psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, and by “the prayers” (based upon the Shemone esre) [19] which now began to be composed and multiplied in the churches. Touching “free prayer” as exemplified in the first ages, see St. ”

“ It is in curious contrast with the work of Brett and others like-minded that we have in these Edinburgh translations a reflection from the minds of divines who are unused to liturgies, and who have no interest in their elucidation. For the mere reader this is not an advantage; but the student who goes to the originals will find that it affords at times no inconsiderable help. These translations are “inartificially drawn,” as the lawyers say. ”

“ Neale [35] sums up the results of his study in the following words: “I shall content myself therefore with assuming, (1) that these liturgies, though not composed by the Apostles whose names they bear, were the legitimate development of their unwritten tradition respecting the Christian Sacrifice; the words, probably, in the most important parts, the general tenor in all portions, descending unchanged from the apostolic authors. (2) That the Liturgy of St. James is of earlier date, as to its main fabric, than a.d. 200; that the Clementine Office is at least not later than 260 ”

“ This he seems to have done as “Liturge” and “Hierurge,” or evangelical priest, [23] “ministering in sacrifice [24] the Gospel of God,” etc.
Compare, then, with the Scriptures, Justin Martyr’s account of the early worship of Christians; and after consulting the (so-called) “Clementine Liturgy,” [25] the student will be qualified to form an enlightened judgment upon the primitive and the interpolated elements of the following liturgies. ”

“ It is typical of an original from which the Liturgy of St. James itself is derived. It was probably used in Gaul, if not also in Rome.] ↑ [A fair view of their origin is to be found in Sir William Palmer’s Origines Liturgicæ, Oxford, 1832.] ↑ Origines Liturgicæ, p. 11. ↑ General Introduction to the History of the Holy Eastern Church, p. 319. ↑ [If Justin Martyr describes the liturgy used in Rome, when he lived there under the Antonines, then it was nearly identical with the “Clementine,” and had reached them from the East. See vol. i. p. 185, this series.] ”

“ The Kiss of Peace; 2. The form beginning, Lift up your hearts; 3. The Hymn, Therefore with angels, etc.; 4. Commemoration of the words of Institution; 5. The Oblation; 6. Prayer of Consecration; 7. Prayers for the Church on Earth; 8. Prayers for the Dead; 9. The Lord’s Prayer; 10. Breaking of the Bread; 11. Communion.”
Neale gives a more minute account of the different parts of the service. He divides the Proanaphoral portion into parts in the following manner: [53] ”