Richard Watson Dixon

“ CARDMAKER (alias Taylor) , JOHN (d. 1555) , martyr, was originally an Observant friar, who, after the dissolution of his order under the persecution which Henry VIII specially directed against it, lapsed into the world, and became a married minister. ”

“ The king entertained the complaints that were sent to England against him of arrogance and inefficiency, and wrote him a severe letter, menacing him with disgrace; but Browne contrived to explain all accusations, except perhaps the one of receiving bribes. He must have been a man of some sagacity, for he predicted that the alteration of religion would cause 'the English and Irish race to lay aside their national old quarrels, and a foreigner to invade the nation' (Letters to Cromwell, May 1538, Harl. Misc. v. 561) . ”

“ In 1542 he was made warden of the Scottish marches, raised to the peerage as Viscount Lisle, and appointed great admiral for life. He now sailed to Newcastle, where he took on board his fleet the Earl of Hertford, afterwards Duke of Somerset, who was commander-in-chief in the horrible expedition of fire and sword of that year, in which many of the southern Scottish monasteries were destroyed and Edinburgh was burned to the ground. ”

“ In the reign of Henry VII he was of signal service to the crown upon the commotion of Lord Audley and the Cornishmen, who marched on London and were defeated at Blackheath in 1497. Constable was one of the knights bannerets that were created at Blackheath by the king after his victory (Bacon, Henry VII) . In the following reign, on the outbreak of the great Yorkshire rising, known as the Pilgrimage of Grace, caused by the beginning of the destruction of monasteries in 1536, he took the leading part, along with Aske the captain and Lord Darcy. ”

“ DUDLEY, JOHN, Duke of Northumberland (1502?–1553) , was the son of Edmund Dudley [q. v.] , privy councillor to Henry VII, and of Elizabeth Grey, daughter and coheiress of Edward Grey, viscount Lisle. His father was beheaded in the first of Henry VIII. In 1512–13 the son, being of the age of eleven, was restored in blood by act of parliament, and his father's attainder was repealed. He became known at court for his daring and address in martial exercises. In 1523 he attended the Duke of Suffolk, who landed at Calais with an army, and the same year he was knighted by his general in France. ”

“ To the Irish people the change from Latin to English was a change from one unknown tongue to another, for English maintained itself with difficulty even in the pale, though the use of it was commanded by penal statutes. The churches were emptier than ever, and the malcontent clergy were aided by papal emissaries, and the Jesuit missionaries gained ground (Macgeoghan, Hist. of Ireland) . ”

“ In 1536 Henry VIII imposed all the reformatory measures, that had been passed at Westminster, upon the parliament of Dublin: such as the act of supreme head, the act for first-fruits to go to the crown, the act for suppressing certain monasteries, and others (Irish State Papers, p. 526; Cox, Hibern. Anglicana, p. 248; Dixon, Ch. of Engl. ii. 181) . At the same time a number of commissioners appeared, and the English reformation was actively enforced, especially by Browne, the new archbishop of Dublin. ”

“ On 18 July 1546 he was sent ambassador to Paris. In 1547 he was left by Henry VIII one of the executors of his will, as a sort of joint regent with fifteen others, but he seems to have acquiesced in the designs of Somerset, the uncle of the young King Edward VI, who turned the joint regency into his own sole protectorate. In the same year (18 Feb. 1546–7) he was created Earl of Warwick and high chamberlain of England. There was some talk of his choosing the title of Earl of Coventry. On 4 Feb. he resigned his office of great admiral to Somerset's brother, Thomas, Lord Seymour of Sudeley. ”

“ The eldest son, John, called in his father's lifetime Lord Lisle and Earl of Warwick, married, 3 June 1550, Anne Seymour, daughter of the Duke of Somerset. What was Northumberland's object in making this alliance is not known. Edward VI attended the wedding. On 18 Jan. 1551–2 young Warwick was allowed to maintain a train of fifty horsemen, and on 28 April 1552 became master of the horse. He was remarkably well educated, and in 1552 Thomas Wilson dedicated to him his ‘Arte of Rhetorique.’ Like all his brothers, he was implicated in his father's plot in favour of Lady Jane Grey ”

“ Daily meetings of Warwick's supporters took place till 13 Oct., when Somerset was sent to the Tower, and all power passed into the hands of his rival. On 28 Oct. Warwick became one of the six lords attendant on the king, and for a second time great admiral. On 2 Feb. following he was appointed lord great master of the household and president of the council. On 8 April he became lord warden-general of the north, but deemed it wiser to stay at home for the present than take up an office which demanded his presence away from the court. On 20 Dec. he was allowed a train of a hundred horsemen. ”

“ The English service of Edward was then restored (Troubles at Frankfort; Fuller; Heylyn) . It does not appear that Cox held any office in the church after this pacification. He apparently spent some time at Strasburg; but in a subsequent dispute which was waged at Frankfort with great bitterness between Horn, the deprived dean of Durham, and Ashley, an eminent member of the congregation, he was chosen by the magistrates to be one of the arbiters, and succeeded in bringing the contending parties to a tolerable agreement. ”

“ COX, RICHARD (1500–1581) , bishop of Ely, one of the most active of the minor English reformers, was born at Whaddon in Buckinghamshire. After receiving some education at the Benedictine priory of St. Leonard Snelshall, near Whaddon, he went to Eton, and thence to King's College, Cambridge, in 1519, proceeding B.A. in 1523–4. ”

“ Manuscript tracts and letters on church policy are in the British Museum, and many are printed in Strype's ‘Annals’ and Burnet's ‘History of the Reformation.’ A notebook is in Corpus College library at Cambridge. Portraits are at King's College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. ”

“ He procured from Edward letters patent ‘for the limitation of the crown’ (Nichols, Queen Jane, App. i.) , by which the king's sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, were set aside in favour of any heir male that might be born, during the king's lifetime, of the Lady Frances, duchess of Suffolk, and aunt of the king; failing whom the crown was to go to the Lady Jane Grey, daughter of the said Frances, to whom Northumberland married (21 May 1553) one of his own sons, Guildford Dudley [q. v.] ”

“ He preached before the court in Lent 1553, when, as Knox relates, 'he most learnedly opened the causes of the bypast plagues, affirming that worse were to follow unless repentance should shortly be found' (Laing, Knox, iii. 177) . On the accession of Mary he was one of the six champions in the convocation of October 1553 who maintained the cause of the reformation in five days' disputation on the real presence. ”

“ Thenceforth he rose to celebrity among the leading preachers of the Wesleyan body. In 1841 he was elected president of the conference, and on that occasion he preached a sermon on ‘Methodism in its Origin, Economy, and Present Position,’ which was printed as a treatise, and is still regarded as a work of authority. In 1847 he was elected representative of the English conference to the conference of the United States, and also president of the conference of Canada. In this capacity he visited America, preaching and addressing meetings in many of the chief cities. ”

“ The prelates, however, who followed Dowdall gradually conformed; and when, in the middle of the same year, 1550, Dowdall went from his see, declaring that he would not be bishop where there was no mass, none of his brethren imitated his example. ”

“ He then threw himself into Hull, and urged that the most resolute measures should be taken; that negotiation should be refused until they were strong enough to defend themselves, that the whole country northward from the Trent should be closed, and the rising of Lancashire and Cheshire expected. ”

“ On the death of Edward, Cox was apprehended (5 Aug. 1553) on suspicion of being concerned in Northumberland's plot (Orig. Lett. p. 684; Grey Friars' Chron. p. 82) . He spent a few weeks in the Marshalsea, and was deprived of all his preferments. In May 1554 he made his way to the continent, choosing Frankfort for his place of exile, where he arrived 13 March 1554–5. The English congregation in that city had adopted, by the advice of Whittingham, a form of service that differed widely from the prayer-book, and accepted the Calvinistic doctrine. ”

“ In 1554 Haddon left England, with a letter to Bullinger from the imprisoned Hooper, in which Hooper highly commends him (Orig. Lett. p. 103) . He went, however, not to Zurich, but to Strasburg, whence he forwarded Hooper's letter to Bullinger (ib. p. 291) . To Bullinger he continued to write from Strasburg for two or three years down to March 1556. He complains of the poverty to which he was reduced in exile. ”

“ DOBSON, JOHN (1787–1865) , architect, was born in 1787 at Chirton, North Shields. From an early age he manifested a great power of design, and at fifteen he was placed as a pupil in the office of Mr. David Stephenson, the leading builder and architect in Newcastle-on-Tyne. ”

“ In domestic architecture he was perhaps even more successful. His work is to be seen in many of the great seats of the gentry of the north, as Lambton Castle, Unthank Hall, Seaton Delaval, in which last place the difficulties that he overcame were extraordinary. ”

“ Some of his sayings against Gardiner and Bonner, and concerning the sacrament, are preserved (Grey Friars' Chron. 50, 67, 63) , On Somerset's first fall, when a religious re- action was vainly expected, he spoke strongly in his lecture against the victorious faction of Warwick. ‘Cardmaker said in his lecture that, though he had a fall, he was not undone, and that men should not have their purposes; and also he said that men would have set up again their popish mass' (ib. 64) . ”

“ He was committed to the Tower, but was soon released by the influence of Cecil, yet in 1568 he was under bond not to quit his house without the royal license (Cal. Dom. i. 306) . The affair was complicated, and endangered the reputation of Sir Nicholas Bacon [q. v.] and other eminent men.
Hales died on 28 Dec. 1571, and was buried in the church of St. Peter-le-Poer in London. His estates, with his principal house in Coventry called Hales's Place, otherwise the White Fryers, passed to John, son of his brother Christopher. ”

“ He also wrote occasionally in the ‘London Quarterly Review,’ in the establishing of which he took part. But the great work of his life was preaching, and his sermons were among the most ennobling and beautiful examples of the modern evangelical pulpit. ”

“ In 1540 he was appointed master of the horse to Anne of Cleves, and at the meeting of that princess with the king on Blackheath he led her spare horse, trapped to the ground in rich tissue (Antiq. Repertory, vol. iii.) ”

“ His widow married, 29 April 1555, Sir Edward Unton, K.B., by whom she had seven children. From 1566 she was insane. Three other of Northumberland's sons, Ambrose, Robert, and Guildford, are separately noticed. Henry, a younger son, was slain at the battle of St. Quentin (10 Aug. 1557) . Of the two daughters, Mary married Sir Henry Sidney and was mother of Sir Philip Sidney; Catherine became the wife of Henry Hastings, earl of Huntingdon. ”

“ In Elizabeth's time he was active in reconciling the wild Irish, and engaged in extensive journeys with that design. In 1563 he seems to have visited England, bearing a recommendation from the lord deputy Sussex (Hamilton, Cal. 214) . ”

“ Cox married twice: first while dean of Christ Church, and secondly about 1568. His second wife was Jane, daughter of George Auder, alderman of Cambridge, and widow of William Turner, dean of Wells. His children were John; Sir Richard of Brame, Ely; Roger; Joanna, widow of John, eldest son of Archbishop Parker; and Rhoda. The executors of his will, dated 20 April 1581, were Archbishop Grindal, Thomas Cooper, bishop of Lincoln, John Parker, archdeacon of Ely, his son John, and Richard Upchare. Cox translated the Acts and St. ”

“ Sampson's Letter to Calvin, 23 Feb., Orig. Lett. p. 171) , and was remanded to the Counter in Bread Street, with the prospect of speedy deliverance. But his compliances were only, as he himself said, ‘by a policy' (Strype, Ann. v. 432) . ”