Tom C. Clark

“ It is obvious that any labor organization, even when serving as an exclusive bargaining representative, can negotiate, speak, and act only through individuals. All collective bargaining is conducted by individuals who represent labor and management. Many limitations or prohibitions upon labor organization action can be effective only if there are corresponding limitations or prohibitions on the individuals who act for the labor organization. ”

“ Louisville Sanitary Wiper Co., 65 N.L.R.B. 88.↑ Statistics supplied by the NLRB for the last two years show that one-man exclusive bargaining representatives constitute less than↑ 'Sec. 302 (a) It shall be unlawful for any employer to pay or deliver, or to agree to pay or deliver, any money or other thing of value to any representative of any of his employees who are employed in an industry affecting commerce.↑ Subsection (4) , relating to check-off payments for union dues, presupposes that the 'representative' is the labor union itself. ”

“ Since the section applied only to the 'representative,' payments to Ryan individually were not covered even though as president of the representative union, he was a member of its wage scale committee and signed all negotiated agreements. We do not decide whether any official of a union is ex officio a representative of employees under § 302. ”