Claude Debussy (1862–1918), a French composer frequently linked with Impressionism despite dismissing the term, transformed classical music through groundbreaking harmony and orchestration. His compositions, including Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune and the opera Pelléas et Mélisande, diverged from Wagnerian practices and traditional symphonic forms, drawing inspiration from Symbolist verse and Eastern musical traditions.
Debussy’s intricate, evocative soundscapes and departure from strict structural frameworks challenged 19th-century conventions, leaving a lasting impact on figures such as Stravinsky and Bartók. His body of work, distinguished by fluidity and rich atmospheric qualities, redefined the boundaries of musical expression in the modern age.