Metacom

“ Digital signals are transmitted as compressed data in the form of binary digits, or “bits.” (Id. ¶¶ 19–20, 38) . The number of bits that can be sent in a second is known as the “bitrate.” (Id. ¶ 41) . Digital signals allow for a greater variety in television programming—because more signals can be transmitted in the same space—as well as interactive services and, often, better audio and image quality than analog television. (Id. ¶¶ 39–42) . The RS-DVR would be offered as part of Cablevision’s digital cable service. ”

“ We began this proceeding in 1976 by recognizing that the boundary between data processing and communications that had been drawn five years earlier in our First Computer Inquiry was already obsolete. In our Tentative Decision last year we supported a distinction of a similar kind between simple customer premises telephone equipment that could continue to be regulated as a part of "basic service" and the more sophisticated equipment that embodies advanced technology and allows customers to do more than just engage in conversation. ”

“ It is a device that converts digital data from a computer or terminal into analog data that can be sent over telephone lines. On the receiving end, it converts the analog data back to digital data. Most modern modems can handle the dialing and answering of a telephone call and generate the speed of the data transmission, measured in bits per second, or baud rates. The telephone industry sometimes refers to a modem as a dataset. ”

“ The efforts of all of the people of the Kleinschmidt organization, working with great enthusiasm and wonderful cooperation, sometimes around the clock, were rewarded when on April 17, 1950, preproduction samples of light-weight teletypewriter sets were delivered on schedule to the Signal Corps in Fort Monmouth for approval and acceptance. Immediately upon receipt of their approval, production began on the contract awarded in June of 1949. ”

“ In stark contrast, Cablevision would not only supply a set-top box for the customer’s home, but it would also decide which programming channels to make available for recording and provide that content, and it would house, operate, and maintain the rest of the equipment that makes the RS-DVR’s recording process possible. Cablevision has physical control of the equipment at its head-end, and its personnel must monitor the programming streams at the head-end and ensure that the servers are working properly. ”

“ With this spectacular demonstration he administered the deathblow to all plans for high power ultra-long-wavelength transmitters, and from then on the commercial companies concentrated their efforts on developing equipment for international communications on the short waves.
With present-day electronic news gathering and world-wide satellite links, the problems faced by broadcasting organisations fifty years ago when transmitting programmes which did not originate in a studio were thought to be very complex. ”

“ In reply to your inquiries, we beg to state that we should not be willing to manufacture and lay a Submarine Telegraph Cable across the Atlantic, from Ireland to Newfoundland, assuming the entire risk, as we consider that would be too great a responsibility for any single firm to undertake; but we are so confident that these points can be connected by a good and durable cable, that we are willing to contract to do the work, and stake a large sum upon its successful laying and working. ”

“ Just as an organisation of the corpus in terms of sessions seems inevitable in the context of digital archiving, the same holds for the creation of metadata files that organise the data itself. To begin with, the sheer size of the data collections discussed here makes metadata essential. There is no easy way to find relevant cues if one has to go through hours of audio or video recording unless there is metadata that provides hints on the contents of the recording. ”

“ Because the universe of terminals that can communicate with one another is larger where such capabilities are offered, arguments can be made that these functions should be allowed as part of a communications service. We have weighed the relative merits of permitting code and protocol conversion as part of a basic service and affirm our determination in the Tentative Decision, at para. 69, that these capabilities are more appropriately associated with the provision of enhanced services. ”

“ For its universality, its versatility and its economy, our telecommunications network is unmatched by any in the world. I believe it would ill-serve the public interest if AT&T, GT&E or any other participant in the network were denied the opportunity and the challenge of bringing their financial resources, their tradition of universal service and importantly their in-place research capabilities to the rich new compunications field. ”

“ Here, perhaps, the analogy is not completely appropriate as Netcom does more than just "provide the wire and conduits." Further, Internet providers are not natural monopolies that are bound to carry all the traffic that one wishes to pass through them, as with the usual common carrier. ”

“ One of the original marketing managers for the French Minitel system, he is active in efforts to spread this underrated technology into the U.S.
When you get a telephone, France Telecom gives you the choice of a phonebook or a computer terminal. As a result, over 3 million people have, free of charge, one of the squat brown Minitel terminals in their home. Of these 3 million terminals, France Telecom estimates 80 percent are actually used. Even if the number is inflated, this was still, until very recently, the largest single network in the world. ”

“ Cablevision does not contest that the streaming of recorded programming in response to a customer’s request is a performance. It again suggests, however, that it is passive in this process—that it is the customer, not Cablevision, that is “doing” the performing. I reject this suggestion, for the same reasons that I reject the argument that the customer is “doing” the copying involved in the RS-DVR. Cablevision actively participates in the playback process. The customer’s use of the remote control to select a recorded program for viewing does not, in itself, result in playback. ”

“ The successful development of apparatus for different applications useful in the telegraph field was largely due to the close cooperation between the research-development and the manufacturing departments of the organization. Howard Krum had expert engineers and designers in his department, Kleinschmidt brought his leading engineers and designers from the Long Island City plant, and there was a definite spirit of cooperation all around. ”

“ Plaintiffs are informed and believe, and on that basis allege, that defendant Netcom is engaged in the business of providing access to others to the Internet for fees, and for that purpose maintains and operates one or more computer facilities in this judicial district through which customers of Netcom are electronically connected to the Internet and send and receive electronic messages that pass through the Internet to others. ”

“ This perk is meant to allow easy communication to the 160 member countries, and even goes so far as to allow the ITU to set up terminal clusters at off-site meetings with X.25-based links back to Geneva.
I'm not quite sure what I expected at the ITU, but I kind of figured a modicum of computer literacy. Nothing fancy, mind you, but at least things like basic phone tricks, fax machines, and maybe even electronic mail. After all, this is the home of X.400, the message handling system to end all message handling systems. Was the ITU using X.400, though? Not a chance! ”

“ PURPOSE— The purpose of this section is to promote the public interest, convenience, and necessity by increasing competition and diversity in the multichannel video programming market, to increase the availability of satellite cable programming and satellite broadcast programming to persons in rural and other areas not currently able to receive such programming, and to spur the development of communications technologies. ”

“ It is the first satellite to try for a synchronous path, revolving around the earth once every 24 hours and thus appearing to hover continuously over the same longitude. Syncom is a short cylinder 28 inches in diameter and 151⁄2 inches long, and weighs 86 pounds. Like Telstar and Relay, it is powered by a combination of solar cells and nickel-cadmium batteries, but it is designed to handle only one two-way telephone conversation and cannot transmit television. ”

“ It requires a confidence that I believe we can and will develop as we move forward. I expect that we will choose to abandon some of our heavier weapons as we proceed through the jungle trails and become more familiar with the environment. Once we begin to distinguish shadow from substance, our perceptions are likely to change.
I am gratified that the Commission has agreed to broaden the language of the Order to permit affiliates of the competitive entities to provide the necessary firmware in both network and customer premises equipment. ”

“ It would, we admit, take a little more experience to solve problems like these on your own—and to deal with all the other complications of satellite communications. But we hope our brief glimpses into the laboratory have shown what this experience might be like. Our six case histories have only scratched the surface, but they should give you a good idea of the fascinating work that goes into practical science and engineering. They should show that something like Project Telstar doesn’t succeed only because of far-sighted, imaginative thinking—nor only because of ingenious engineering. ”

“ Under the plain language of this clause, a transmission “to the public” is a public performance, even if members of the public receive the transmission at separate places at different times. Such is the case here. Cablevision would transmit the same program to members of the public, who may receive the performance at different times, depending on whether they view the program in real time or at a later time as an RS-DVR playback. ”

“ It is probably better to use EGS as a framework, in conjunction with a metagenomic simulator such as MetaSim [38] to generate parameters more compatible with population estimates in one's own research. MetaSim enables the creation of a simulated genome from regular genomic files; this makes it useful for testing and assessing the performance of other programs that manipulate and analyze metagenomic data, such as assembly or annotation programs. ”

“ The Company being thus in working order, proceeded to make a contract for the manufacture of a cable to be laid across the Atlantic. For many months the proper form and size of the cable had been the subject of constant experiments. The conditions were: to combine the greatest degree of strength with lightness and flexibility. It must be strong, or it would snap in the process of laying. Yet it would not do to have it too large, for it would be unmanageable. Mr. Brett had already lost a cable in the Mediterranean chiefly from its bulk. ”

“ The scientists are enthusiastic. They talk of robustness and dumb networks with smart terminals. They talk of TCP/IP and HTML and decentralized systems that run on open protocols, so that anyone can connect to this network and use it any way they want to. You, of course, know nothing about the truly astounding outburst of creativity and communication that would actually flower on such a system, that would flower precisely because it is so open and no one country or company controls it or the protocols that run it. ”

“ The convergence of the technologies used to provide communications services, which we regulate, and data processing services, which have not been regulated, has continued at accelerated pace since 1971. The major issue now, as it was then, is the extent to which carriers subject to our jurisdiction can use computer and communications technologies to provide communications service or some combination of communications and data processing service. ”

“ Speeds as high as 50 to 60 six-character words per minute per channel are maintained by operators. The multiplex printer system has thus greatly increased operators' loads as well as the number of telegraph channels which can be obtained from each line circuit. Means have been developed for economically extending the single channels of a multiplex-printer system from the multiplex terminal station to branch offices. ”

“ The admirable arrangements made at the Magnetic Telegraph office in Old Broad Street for connecting ten subterranean gutta-percha insulated conductors of over two hundred miles each, so as to give one continuous length of more than two thousand miles, during the hours of the night when the Telegraph is not commercially employed, furnished us the means of conclusively settling by actual experiment the question of the practicability as well as the practicality of telegraphing through our proposed Atlantic cable.... ”

“ Kurt said. “But seriously.”
“Seriously,” Lyman said. “Seriously. Think a second about the scale of a telco. Of this telco. The thousands of kilometers of wire in the ground. Switching stations. Skilled linesmen and cable-pullers. Coders. Switches. Backhaul. Peering arrangements. We’ve got it all. Ever get on a highway and hit a flat patch where you can’t see anything to the horizon except the road and the telephone poles and the wires? Those are our wires. It’s a lot of goodness, especially for a big, evil phone company. ”

“ The screen cleared and then the Joey II went into a six-minute animated presentation demonstrating the system's new features, including a new slot for plugging in a local area network card, a larger hard disk, faster fax sending and receiving, and built-in file translation software for reading documents and other files directly from ICP's formerly incompatible BP desktop and portable computers.
When it was over, cymbals crashed and the audience applauded wildly, thrilling Matthew to the bone. He stole a quick glance to his left, offstage and behind the curtains. ”