Zikr

Definition and stakes

Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar Tūnisī,  Travels of an Arab merchant in Soudan… (1854)

“ The Darfur Zikr is of two kinds, one performed by the Arabs, and the other by the Forians. The former contains a variety of movements and change, and was instituted by a celebrated Sheikh. A woman places herself near the circle of the faithful, and sings a few verses, whilst the other women [109] simply look on, and examine who is most distinguished by his enthusiasm. [18] When the Zikr is in full swing, the woman becomes silent, and one of the men takes up the song. ”
Source: Gutenberg

Portrait of James Mooney James Mooney,  The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890

“ Toward the close of the Zikr a private soldier, who had joined through the whole performance, also seemed several times to be melboos, growling in a horrible manner and violently shaking his head from side to side. The contrast presented by the vehement and distressing exertions of the performers at the close of the Zikr, and their calm gravity and solemnity of manner at the commencement, was particularly striking. Money was collected during the performance for the Moonshid. The Zikkeers receive no pay. ”
Source: Gutenberg

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