Iconic authors
Themes
Bibliography of the day
Hero or Circumstance, the Victorian Quarrel over Whether Great Men Make History
Carlyle made the great man the master of his age; his scientific critics made him its product. Both answers broke. William James, borrowing from Darwin, left a sharper question: under what conditions can a single will tip history?
Attacked on Both Flanks, Leo XIII's Just Wage Between Individualists and Socialists
Leo XIII defended private property against socialism and bound the wage contract to a justice older than any bargain. Individualists heard socialism; others saw a Church preaching patience to the poor. That double charge is the shape of the position itself.
