Wallace N. Stearns

“ If φημί, the main verb of the quotation will be changed to the infinitive mode of the same tense and voice. E. g.,
(2) If λέγω with ὅτι or ὡς, no change will occur when dependent on a primary tense. When dependent on a secondary tense, indicatives and subjunctives may (not must) be changed to corresponding tenses (and voice) of the optative; optatives will remain unchanged. E. g.:
(1) Note the change in person to indicate the change of speaker.
(2) εἶπον as a verb of saying requires, and λέγω in the active voice prefers the ὅτι (ὡς) construction. ”

“ The mystery here is solved by finding the subject of the verb in the man himself, and by expanding "him" to "himself"; that is, the peasant, remote from the causes of extravagant desires, originating within his own simple mind his needs, adapts himself to his place in the hamlet he calls his home.
3. Our reference to the Epistle to the Hebrews brings us to another rule, interpret contextually. A passage must be construed consistently with its context, since it is likely that the writer at least intended to send out a harmonious, rational document. ”

“ The principal parts of the verb (which should be memorized) are the first person singular of the active indicative present, future, first aorist, and perfect; the middle perfect; and the passive aorist. ”

“ But the passage from Hebrews calls up still another law, interpret historically. The historical background is often the best if not the sole method for getting at the meaning of a passage. The covert references in any considerable piece of literature, whether the Divine Comedy, the tracts of Milton, the letters of Burke, Hudibras, or the Dunciad, all stand revealed in the light of history. The student of Paul must first know of the world of Paul, the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean— Jerusalem to Rome, for that matter. [12] Further, Christianity sprang from the lap of Judaism. ”

“ In learning a new alphabet attention need be paid only to such letters as are not already know. Of the Greek alphabet only twelve characters are unfamiliar:
Note.—The small letters, most used, should be learned. The capital letters may be learned as they occur.
2. ε, ο are always short; η, ω, always long; α, ι, υ, sometimes long, sometimes short.
Note 1.—In diphthongs with a long vowel ι is subscribed. ”

“ The Gnostics sought to combine philosophy with — or to seek a philosophic basis for — Christianity. World-creation was by a series of emanations of and from the divine original ground, source, or basis. ”

“ A scholarly knowledge of Greek requires some time and effort. Every preacher and teacher of the New Testament books would be greatly helped by being able even to refer to the dictionary and to pick out the critical notes in a high-grade commentary. ”

“ The last of these five canons for interpretations is interpret analogically. It is a safe rule to interpret an author by himself wherever possible, and a document by itself or other contemporary documents. It stands to reason that any sane writer will seek uniformity-barring changes for growth, development, or different conditions.
Again, our interpretation of Heb. 6:6 (Rom. 1:17; cf. chap. 4, might be referred to this canon) finds further help by reference to chap. 10. ”

“ A conditional sentence is one that assumes what may or may not be true (in reality) , and bases on it some other statement (i. e., the supposition is assumed to be true) . Bt. 600-1; Gl. 645; Gn. 1381; H.A. 889.
2. A simple supposition implying nothing as to fulfillment, has the indicative (or an equivalent; Bt. 602, notes) in both clauses.
(1) If a specific sequence is made in present time, then the present indicative stands in both clauses. If in past time, a past indicative occurs in both clauses. ”

“ In case the verb itself begins with a vowel, the initial vowel is lengthened. E.g., ἀ-κού-ω, ἤ-κου-ο-ν. Bt. 171-2; Gl. 264, 293; Gn. 465, 3; H.A. 354-7.
7. The theme vowel immediately follows the stem. In the indicative it is —ο— before μ and ν, otherwise —ε—; in the subjunctive, —ω—or —η—; in the optative (mode vowel) , —οι— or —αι— (aorist passive indicative, —ει—) . E. g., ἔ-λυ-ο-ν, ἕ-λυ-ε-ς, λύ-ω-μαι, λύ-η-ται, λυ-οί-μην, λυ-σαί-μην. Bt. 159-60; Gl. 294-5; Gn. 568, 719, 730; H.A. 372.
(1) In aorist tenses except second aorist and aorist passive, the theme vowel is —α—. ”

“ The future tenses (future, future perfect) are indicated by a σ (+ ο/ε) appended to the stem, as λύ-ω, λύ-σω, λε-λύ-σ-ο-μαι, λύ-θή-σ-ο-μαι. Bt. 212; Gn. 662; Gl. 277; H.A. 372.
5. The perfect tenses (perfect, future perfect, pluperfect) are indicated by (1) the doubling of the stem (i. e., repeating the initial consonant with ε—) , and (2) in the active voice by an affixed —κ— (cf. Latin —v—) . E. g., λύ-ω perf. λέ-λυ-κα (for λύ-λυ-κα) .
Note 1.—If the verb begins with a middle or rough mute, the reduplication occurs with the corresponding smooth mute (cf. I,3) . ”

“ Middle participles are of the first and second declensions and may be recognized by the syllable —μεν—. E. g., λυ-ό-μεν-ος.
15. The active infinitive regularly ends in —ειν —εν + theme vowel —ε—, contracted, —ειν) . E. g., λύ-ειν (for λυ-ε-εν) . The passive and middle (i.e., when used as passive) infinitives regularly end in —σθαι. E. g., λύ-ε-σθαι, λύ-σ-α-σθαι. The aorist passive infinitive ends in —ναι. E. g., λυ-θῆ-ναι. Bt. 167; Gl. 162, 273, 275; Gn. 301, 334.
16. Variations from the regular forms occur in the endings of the imperative:
17. ”

“ The stem is the basic part of the inflected word. To this are appending the various signs, as above, which in verb analysis must again be cut off. E. g., τι-μά-ω, I honor, stem τῑμᾰ. Bt. 157-61; Gl. 248; Gn. 404-7, 153; H.A. 153.
3. The tenses of the verb are called primary or secondary as they have to do with present (or future) or past time. Taking the verb λύω as a model we have:
4. ”