Augustus Henry Keane

Name: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
Author: Augustus Henry Keane

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

Summary

“1911 Encyclopædia Britannica”, published in 1911, is a work by Augustus Henry Keane. It explores elements such as suffixes, vowels and Ural-Altaic.

Quotes from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (Augustus Henry Keane)

Augustus Henry Keane, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ How profoundly the several groups differ one from tile other even in their structure is evident from the fact that such assumed universal features as unchangeable roots and vowel harmony are subject to numerous exceptions, often spread over wide areas. Not only is assimilation of final consonants very common, as in the Osmanli bulun-mak for the Uighur bulul-mak, but the root vowel itself is frequently subject to umlaut through the influence of suffixed vowels, as in the Aryan family. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Augustus Henry Keane, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ Hence the various groups, starting with little more than a common first germ, sufficient, however, to give a uniform direction to their subsequent evolution, have largely diverged from each other during their independent development since the remotest prehistoric times. Hence also, while the Aryan as now known to us represents a descending line of evolution from the synthetic to the analytic state, the Ural-Altaic represents on the contrary an upward growth, ranging from the crudest syntactical arrangements in Manchu to a highly agglutinating but not true inflecting state in Finnish. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Augustus Henry Keane, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ These suffixes differ also from the case and verbal endings of true inflecting languages (Aryan, Semitic) in their slighter fusion with the root, with which they are rather mechanically united (agglutinated) than chemically fused into a term in which root and relational element are no longer separable. Hence it is that the roots, which in Aryan are generally obscured, blurred, often even changed past the possibility of identification, in Ural-Altaic are always in evidence, unaffected by the addition of any number of formative particles, and controlling the whole formation of the word. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Augustus Henry Keane, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ In its morphology Ural-Altaic belongs to the agglutinating order of speech, differing from other languages of this order chiefly in the exclusive use of suffixes attached to the unmodified root, and partly blended with it by the principle of progressive vowel harmony, in virtue of which the vowels of all the suffixes are assimilated to that of the root. Thus the typical formula is R+r+r+r, &c., where R is the root, always placed first, and r, r, r . ”

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Source: Wikisource

Augustus Henry Keane, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ Hence many Turkic forms and words can be explained only by reference to Mongolic, which has at the same time numerous relations to Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic that have been lost in Turkic and Tungusic. It may therefore be concluded that the Finno-Ugric migrations to the north and west and the Tungusic to the east had been completed while the Turkic and Mongolic tribes were still dwelling side by side on the Altai steppes, the probable cradle of the Ural-Altaic peoples. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Augustus Henry Keane, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ Hence also the object normally precedes the subject, while the idea of possession (to have) is almost everywhere replaced by that of being (to be) , so that, even in the highly developed Osmanli, “I have no money” becomes “money-to-me not-is” (Akchehim yokdür) . In fact the verb is not clearly differentiated from the noun, so that the conjugation is mainly participial, being effected by agglutinating pronominal, modal, temporal, negative, passive, causative, reciprocal, reflexive and other suffixes to nominal roots or gerunds: I write=writing-to-me-is. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Augustus Henry Keane, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ Thus in aran-simü=gold-colour=golden, the first part aran receives the particle of comparison, the second remaining unchanged, as if we were to say “golder-colour” for “more golden”; and ata-fi=relative becomes ata-m-fi-a=my relative, with intrusion of the pronominal m=my. ”

Augustus Henry Keane

Summary

Quotes from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (Augustus Henry Keane)

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