Noun

Definition and stakes

Portrait of Goold Brown Goold Brown,  The Grammar of English Grammars

“ CHAPTER I.—PARTS OF SPEECH. The Parts of Speech, or sorts of words, in English, are ten; namely, the Article, the Noun, the Adjective, the Pronoun, the Verb, the Participle, the Adverb, the Conjunction, the Preposition, and the Interjection.
1. THE ARTICLE. An Article is the word the, an, or a, which we put before nouns to limit their signification: as, The air, the stars; an island, a ship.
2. THE NOUN. A Noun is the name of any person, place, or thing, that can be known or mentioned: as, George, York, man, apple, truth.
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Source: Gutenberg

G. H. Armstrong,  English Grammar and Composition for Public Schools

“ To parse a noun is to state the class to which it belongs, its gender, number, case, and its grammatical relation to other words in the sentence.
The changes in meaning and use which nouns undergo with or without a change in form, are called their inflections.
The inflections of the noun are number and case.
EXERCISE.
Parse all the nouns in the following sentences:—
Model.—John, a proper, concrete noun; masculine gender; singular number; nominative case, subject of lost.
Teacher’s, a common, concrete noun; masculine or feminine gender; singular number; possessive case, possessing book.
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Source: Gutenberg

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