James Strong

“ The changes in the union of two vowels are various, depending upon their comparative strength, position, and relation to the long vowels, or diphthongs respectively. They are readily learned by practice.
§ 21. Compensation is not always thus made for the omission of a consonant. Sometimes the omission occurs too far back in the derivation to be easily traced.
§ 22. A final vowel is sometimes elided before another vowel, and its place indicated by the apostrophe, (') . ”

“ In the Participles the stem ends in ντ in the act. forms, (except the Perf. act. and mid., which have ότ;) the rest take μεν, (Perf. pass, μέν.) These latter are [masc. and neut.] of the second declension, the others of the third.
§ 56. Verbs in μι insert σ before the final ι of the 3d pers. sing. Pres. Indic. act., and vary in a few other terminations, chiefly by contraction.
LESSON V. VERBS--Continued.
§ 57. The root of every primitive verb is a monosyllable, consisting of a short vowel (α, ε, ι, ο, or υ) between two (usually simple) consonants. ”

“ Adjectives agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case.
§ 74. The noun is often understood, especially if neut., ("things.")
§ 75. Sometimes a relative is "attracted" into the case of the omitted antecedent.
§ 76. A verb agrees with its subject nominative in number and person.
§ 77. The case of the subject of the Infin. depends upon other relations.
§ 78. Neuters plur. generally have a sing. verb.
Government.
§ 79. Any word may govern another (or others) which in sense is dependent upon it in the case appropriate for expressing such relation either with or without a preposition. ”

“ Nouns in ις, υς, and ευς take the (Attic) Gen. εως, (ω regarded as short.) The α of the Acc. sing. is usually after a consonant. Many irregularities and some anomalies occur, which may generally be learned from the lexicon.
ADJECTIVES.
§ 34. These are declined like nouns, having sometimes three sets of terminations for the respective genders, sometimes two, (masc. and fem. alike,) rarely but one, (all genders alike.) The masc. and neut. are always of the same declension, (second or third,) and the fem., when different, always of the first. Participles are declined like adjectives. ”

“ Gen. and dat. of 1st and 2d decl. are always circumflex when accented on last syllable.
15. ἐγένετο--verb, came to be, lit., was born; from γίνομαι, (for γίγνομαι, strengthened [§ 63] by reduplication, [§ 67,] and then contracted for γιγεν;) depon., § 40; true root γεν, [our kin,] § 57, here appearing in 2d aor. mid., § 48; ἐ is simple aug., (hence the verb is in the indic., § 60;) third ε is mood-vowel, § 42; το is 3d pers. sing. ”

“ This is usually not, as in English, that of grammatical dependence, but rather the order of thought; important or emphatic words come first, after the connecting particles; prepositions and the article precede their nouns; and qualifying terms are grouped in a harmonious balance around the principal ones.
LESSON VII. Exercise on John 1, 1-5. 1 Ἐν1 ἀρχῇ2 ἦν3 ὁ4 Λόγος,5 καὶ6 ὁ4 Λόγος6 ἦν3 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was 2 πρὸς7 τὸν8 θεόν,9 καὶ6 θεὸς10 ἦν3 ὁ4 Λόγος.5 Οὗτος11 with God, and God was the Word. ”

“ The terminations of the Imper. are analogous to the secondary in the act., and in the mid. and pass. they are merely the same strengthened, thus: Sing. 2d,-- [Aor. pass, θι, 1st Aor. act. (σ) ov] (pass. ο [1st Aor. mid. ι] or σο) ; 3d, τω (pass. σθω,) Plur. 2d, τε (pass. σθε) ; 3d, τωσαν [or contr. ντων] (pass, σθωσαν. [Dual. 2d, τον (σθον) ; 3d, των (σθων,) ]
§ 54. The Infin. in the act. forms ends in εν, [contr., with union-vowel into ειν] (Pres., Fut., and 2d Aor.,) αι, (1st Aor.,) or ναι, (Perf. act. and mid. and both Aor. pass.;) ”

“ Ἰωάννης--prop. noun; 1st decl. masc. nom. sing., § 28; predicate after neut. verb, (understood,) agreeing with subj., § 71.
9. οὗτος--See vii, 11.
10. ἠλθεν--verb, assigned to ἔρχομαι, but really from defective ἐλεύθω; root, ελθ; temporal aug., [ε+ε=η,] § 60; hence indic., as union-vowel (ε) following also shows, § 42; simple root 2d aor., § 57; hence no tense ending in 3d pers. sing. act., § 49 ”

“ There was τὸ25 Φῶς26 τὸ25 ἀληθινόν,28 ὃ29 φωτίζει30 πάντα31 ἄνθρωπον,32 the Light the true one, which lights every man, 10 ἐρχόμενον33 εἰς11 τὸν34 κόσμον.35 Ἐν36 τῷ37 κόσμῳ38 ἦv,23 coming into the world. In the world he was, καὶ39 ὁ40 κόσμος41 δἰ20 αὐτοῦ21 ἐγένετο,1 καὶ39 ὁ40 κόσμος41 and the world through him was made, and the world 11 αὐτὸν42 οὐκ22 ἔγνω.43 Εἰς11 τὰ44 ἴδια45 ἧλθε,10 καὶ39 οἱ46 him not knew. ”

“ Καὶ ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος58 αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς59 first of me he was. And out of the fullness of him WE 17 πάντες60 ἐλάβομεν,61 καὶ62 χάριν63 ἀντὶ64 χάριτος· ὅτι ὁ all received, and grace for grace: because the νόμος65 δίὰ Μωϋσέως66 εδόθη,67 ἡ χάρις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια law through Moses was given; the grace and the truth 18 διὰ Ἰησοῦ68 Χριστοῦ69 ἐγένετο.70 θεὸν71 οὐδείς72 ἐώρακε73 through Jesus Christ became. God no-one has seen πώποτε·74 ὁ μονογενὴς75 Υἱός,76 ὁ ὢν77 εἰς78 τὸν ever; the only-born Son, the one being into the κόλπον79 τοῦ Πατρός, ἐκεῖνος80 ἐξηγήσατο.81 bosom of the Father, that one explained Him. ”