Charlotte Fell Smith

“ Joined in 1856 by her sister Emily, who had now also qualified at Cleveland, and by Marie Zackrzewska (a Cleveland student in whose education she had taken much interest and the third woman to qualify) , she opened in New York in May 1857 a hospital entirely conducted by women. Opposition was great, but the quakers of New York gave valuable support from the first. In 1858 Elizabeth revisited England and gave lectures at the Marylebone Literary Institution on the value of physiological and medical knowledge to women and on the medical work already done in America. ”

“ A series of historical portraits of notable women which she formed for the International Exhibition at Chicago of 1893 she presented to the women's hall of University College, Bristol. She was sole editor of the 'Englishwoman's Review' from 1881 to 1890; from that year Miss Ann Mackenzie was joint editor with her. In 1895 Miss Blackburn gave up most of her public work to look after her father. She was well versed in the history of the suffrage movement, and her 'Women's Suffrage: a Record of the Movement in the British Isles' (1902) remains the standard work. ”

“ Möens, who was privately educated, began his career on the Stock Exchange, but soon retired to a house which he had bought at Boldre in Hampshire, devoting himself to yachting, and later to antiquarian researches. In January 1865 he proceeded with his wife to Sicily and Naples, and on 15 May, while returning from Paestum with a party, including, besides his wife, the Rev. John Cruger Murray Aynsley and Mrs. Aynsley, the two men were suddenly captured by a band of about thirty brigands near Battipagha. Möens, a pioneer of amateur photography, had been photographing the temples. ”

“ A strong conservative, and one of the founders of the Freedom of Labour Defence League, she urged the return of the people to the land, and advocated poultry and pig farming as occupations for educated women. She also started a middle-class school in London for training young women as bookkeepers, clerks, and cashiers. She died on 18 Oct. 1905 at North Willingham, and was buried there. ”

“ Hayman at Cheltenham grammar school, he took to journalism, becoming editor, in succesion, of 'An anti-Game Law Journal,' of the 'Examiner,' and of the 'Hereford Times.' He was afterwards long connected with the 'Athenæum' and with the London 'Daily Chronicle' as leader writer. He became meanwhile a recognised authority on education, was elected to the council of the College of Preceptors, and edited the 'Educational Times' from 1895 to 1902. ”

“ BOUCHERETT, EMILIA JESSIE (1825–1905) , advocate of women's progress, born in November 1825 at Willingham, near Market Rasen, Lincolnshire, was youngest child of Ayscoghe Boucherett (1791-1857) (third of the name) by his wife Louisa, daughter of Frederick John Pigou of Dartford, Kent. The father, who was high sheriff of Lincolnshire in 1820, and published 'A Few Observations on Corn, Currency, &c., with a Plan for promoting the Interests of Agriculture' (1840) , descended from Mathew Boucheret, a Frenchman who was naturalised in this country in 1644 and became lord of the manor at Willingham. ”

“ The collection and the visitors increased rapidly, and in 1897 Horniman erected at a cost of 40,000l. a new and handsome edifice near at hand from the designs of C. Harrison Townsend, F.R.I.B.A., having on the exterior wall a mosaic panel, thirty-two feet by ten feet, designed by R. Anning Bell to represent the course of human life, and a memorial tablet by F. W. Pomeroy, A.R.A.; a bronze fountain by J. W. Rollins was given by Horniman's son. Finally in 1901 Horniman presented his museum and surrounding estate to the London county council. ”

“ ELIZABETH (1793–1901) , centenarian and philanthropist, born in Castle Street, All Hallows, London Wall, on 9 June 1793, was younger daughter of John Sanderson of Arnthorpe, Yorkshire, and later of London. Her father, after coming to London, joined the Society of Friends; her mother died when she was under two years old. ”

“ After education at schools at Bishop Waltham and Highgate, John matriculated from Christ's College, Cambridge, at Michaelmas 1855. He soon decided to enter the mission field, and founded the Cambridge University Church Missionary Union. Graduating B.A. in Jan. 1859 (M.A. in 1863) , he was ordained in September 1860 and sailed in October for Calcutta. After receiving priest's orders, he proceeded to Agra. There he helped in superintending the missionary college with an attendance of 260 students, and the orphanage at Secundra (five miles away) with 300 children. ”

“ He wrote 'A Plea for Youths' Temperance Societies' at the same age, held a public discussion soon after, and contributed articles to the 'Weekly Temperance Journal' and the 'National Temperance Advocate.' In Feb. 1845 he became assistant secretary to the National Temperance Society, and a year later joint secretary, besides conducting its monthly organ, the 'Temperance Chronicle.' He was official reporter of the World's Convention held in August 1846, in which his father took a prominent part. ”

“ The father came of a Lincolnshire family, long settled at Melton Ross, which in the eighteenth century revival embraced dissent of a pronounced and political type. He began lay preaching as a lad, was accepted as a candidate for the Wesleyan ministry at seventeen, and sent to the Hoxton Institution under Dr. Jabez Bunting [q. v.] . He spent six years in Jamaica, married in 1840, abandoned missionary work and became a travelling preacher. ”

“ He strongly supported Gladstone on all questions, including Irish home rule, and rendered useful service to the House of Commons in matters of trade, particularly in regard to the coal and iron industries of the North of England. He was president of the Peace Society and of the Society for the Suppression of the Opium Traffic, and a champion of both interests in parliament. ”

“ Italian soldiers hotly pursued the band, without capturing them, and Möens, being very tall, was often a mark for the soldiers' bullets. Strenuous efforts for his release were made by his friends. On 26 Aug. the brigands gave him up after receiving from him the sum of 5100l. In January 1866 Möens published a lively account of the episode in 'English Travellers and Italian Brigands.' A new edition was called for in May, and the book was translated into several languages. The proceeds of sale Möens devoted to building a school near his residence at Boldre, Hampshire. ”

“ A lover of the country and a bold rider to hounds, Miss Boucherett at the same time read widely. An early study of the 'English-woman's Journal' (founded March 1858) led her to consider means of providing profitable employment for educated women. ”

“ In 1870 he helped to distribute in France a fund raised by the Friends for non-combatant sufferers at the seat of the Franco-German war, and described his experience in letters to his wife published as ‘The Track of the War round Metz’ (1871) . He was already (since 1861) working hard with the aid of French friends on a pocket ‘French-English Dictionary.’ The first edition of 6000, printed entirely by hand in 12mo, mostly in diamond type, appeared in 1872. ”

“ She wrote at great speed and two or three novels ran serially every year through the Dundee newspaper. For two years (1885-7) she lived in Dundee.
From 1887 to 1901 her home was in Bloomsbury, where, while busily engaged on fiction, she took an active part in humanitarian efforts, such as rescue work and girls' clubs; she also joined the Fabian Society and travelled much abroad, spending the spring of 1899 in Palestine. Her religious opinions underwent various developments. Her best novel, 'No Saint' (1886) , reflects a phase of agnosticism. ”

“ Devoting herself to social reform, she held, when about twenty, large meetings of navvies who were employed in a suburb of Cambridge. A club and institute were built through her efforts. Elihu Burritt, the American writer, attested the power of her addresses in his 'Seed Lives' (1863) . In 1865 she published 'English Idylls and other Poems,' dedicated to her father, 'to whom I owe all I am.' After his death in 1866, an incurable illness caused her at intervals acute suffering but failed to affect her spirit. ”

“ Educated at Exeter grammar school, he showed as a boy literary leanings and soon became assistant master in the school of William Pengelly [q. v.] . Resolving on the methodist ministry, he was ordained at Great Queen Street Wesleyan chapel, London, on 31 Oct. 1845, and was sent out to Madras. Stationed at first at Mannargudi, he was able by September 1846 to prepare a Tamil sermon. After a move to Negapatam, he settled, about 1848, at Black Town chapel, Madras, and soon started the Royapettah school (now college) there, the oldest Wesleyan educational institution. ”

“ Burns was a director of the Liberator Building Society, which his brother-in-law, Jabez Balfour, founded in 1868 and of which Balfour was chairman. Owing to disapproval of the increase of directors' fees, Burns resigned before the society's failure in October 1892. ”

“ He represented the Baptist New Connexion at the entennial conference in America in 1880, acted as secretary to the Temperance Hospital opened in 1881, and was president of the Association of General Baptists held at Norwich in the same year. He was active in promoting temperance legislation, holding that the law should protect the public and not the liquor trade. ”

“ Deeply interested in modern Greece, he worked zealously in Greek interests. From 1878 onwards he acted as hon. secretary of the Greek committee in London. He published 'New Greece' in the same year (republished 1879) , and ’Greece' in 1880. ”

“ Hanbury was acknowledged a minister in the Society of Friends in 1833. With her husband she resided successively at Bonchurch, Stoke Newington, and on Blackdown Hills near Wellington, Somerset. Her husband died at The Firs, Blackdown, in 1869. ”

“ At Hinton's death in 1875 she edited his 'Life and Letters,' and for ten years she arduously wrote and lectured through the three kingdoms on the theme of pure living. Engaged on what George Macdonald [q. v. Suppl. II] called her 'great sad work,' she addressed huge meetings of men in Edinburgh, Newcastle, Gateshead, Sunderland, Carlisle, Swansea, Cardiff, Hull, Liverpool, Manchester, and Dublin, and of mill-girls in Halifax. ”

“ In 1851 he became foreman of a small printing business in Gloucester, and in 1858 started for himself, introducing the first steam engine in the town. His business prospered and grew to large dimensions. Meanwhile he studied philology, mastered French, soon made the acquaintance of Max Müller [q. v.] , and opened a correspondence with Oliver Wendell Holmes, which lasted twenty-five years, and with Prince Lucien Bonaparte, the philologist. A rapid journey abroad in 1863 impressed Bellows with the need of extending the supply of dictionaries in a portable form. ”

“ Miss Sergeant wrote over ninety novels and tales. Her fertility, which prejudiced such literary power as she possessed, grew with her years (cf. Punch, 11 Nov. 1903, p. 338) . Six novels appeared annually from 1901 to 1903, and eight in her last year. After her death fourteen volumes, seven in 1905, four in 1906, two in 1907, and one in 1908, presented work which had not been previously published. She often made an income of over 1000l. ”

“ Mainly self-taught, he was apprenticed to a shoemaker. After his family removed to Northampton in 1816 he became a Sunday school scholar and teacher. Having preached in the villages for some years he was ordained for the congregational ministry on 14 Oct. 1834. He filled successively the pastorates of Wollaston, Northamptonshire (1834–45) , Brigstock (1845–63) , Horncastle (1863–66) , Deddington, Oxfordshire (1866–73) . In 1873 he accepted a call to Great Bridge, Staffordshire, and resigning that pastorate in 1879 continued to live there, and frequently delivered occasional sermons. ”

“ Only four or five other British subjects have on authentic evidence died at the same advanced age. Since her death three persons have been certificated to die at a greater age.
The daughter, Charlotte Hanbury (1830–1900) , prison reformer, born at Stoke Newington on 10 April 1830, taught as a girl in ragged schools and visited the poor. On Blackdown she established several schools and mission rooms. She travelled largely in Europe and had friends in Germany, France, Spain, and Italy. ”

“ She contributed to 'Women Novelists of the Nineteenth Century' (1897) , and was one of twenty-four authors who wrote without collusion 'The Fate of Fenella,' which appeared serially in the 'Gentlewoman' and was published in 1892.
[Life, by Winifred Stephens, 1905; Roads to Rome, 1901; works and personal knowledge; Athenæum, 10 Dec. 1904.] ”

“ The division was taken on 12 June, when 135 voted with Woodall and 271 against. In obedience to a strong party whip, 104 liberal supporters of the women's cause voted with the majority: had they voted according to their convictions the amendment would have been carried by 72 votes instead of being lost by 136. On 19 Nov. Woodall brought in a bill granting the vote to single women on the same terms as men, but the second reading was four times adjourned and never reached a division. Under Gladstone's short third administration of 1886 Woodall became surveyor-general of ordnance Feb. ”

“ In 1894 he was elected chairman of the North Eastern railway, having been deputy chairman for many years. He also farmed extensively, and read a paper on the 'Meat Supply of Great Britain' at the South Durham and North Yorks Chamber of Agriculture, 26 Jan. ”

“ SERGEANT, LEWIS (1841–1902) , journalist and author, son of John Sergeant, who was at one time a schoolmaster at Cheltenham, by his wife Mary Anne, daughter of George Lewis, was born at Barrow-on-Humber, Lincolnshire, on 10 Nov. 1841. Adeline Sergeant [q. v. Suppl. II.] was Lewis's first cousin, being daughter of Richard Sergeant, his father's brother.
Lewis, after education under a private tutor, matriculated at St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, in 1861, graduating B.A. with mathematical honours in 1865. At the union he distinguished himself as an ardent liberal and supporter of Mr. ”