“ Regions may not limit the right of citizens to work in any part whatsoever of the national territory. The Government can act for bodies of the regions, metropolitan cities, provinces and municipalities if the latter fail to comply with international rules and treaties or EU legislation, or in the case of grave danger for public safety and security, or whenever such action is necessary to preserve legal or economic unity and in particular to guarantee the basic level of benefits relating to civil and social entitlements, regardless of the geographic borders of local authorities. ”

“ Article 19 All have the right to profess freely their own religious faith in whatever form, individual or associate, to propagate it and to exercise it in private or public cult, provided that the rites are not contrary to morality. ”

“ Article 52 The defence of the Fatherland is a sacred duty for every citizen. Military service is obligatory within the limits and the ways set by law. Fulfilment thereof shall not prejudice a citizen's employment, nor the exercise of political rights. The regulations of the armed forces are based on the democratic spirit of the Republic.
Article 53 Everyone shall contribute to public expenditure in accordance with his means. The system of taxation shall be based on criteria of progression. ”

“ The State shall allocate supplementary resources and adopt special measures in favour of specific municipalities, provinces, metropolitan cities and regions to promote economic development along with social cohesion and solidarity, to reduce economic and social imbalances, to foster the exercise of the rights of the person or to achieve goals other than those pursued in the ordinary implementation of their functions. Municipalities, provinces, metropolitan cities and regions have their own assets, which are allocated to them pursuant to general principles laid down in State legislation. ”

“ Rules on Jurisdiction Article 111 The law shall be administered by means of a fair trial governed by Act of Parliament. The parties to all trials may speak in their own defence in the presence of the other parties, with an equal status, before an independent and impartial court. An Act of Parliament shall lay down provisions to ensure that trials are of a reasonable length. In the criminal process, all individuals charged with a criminal offence have the statutory right to be notified promptly and confidentially of the nature and cause of the charges made against them ”

“ The legal status of foreigners is regulated by law in conformity with international provisions and treaties. The foreigner who is denied in his own country the real exercise of the democratic liberties guaranteed by the Italian Constitution has the right of asylum in the territory of the Republic, in accordance with the conditions established by law. ”

“ Article 37 Working women have the same rights and, for equal work, the same wages as working men. Working conditions must allow women to carry out their essential role in the family and ensure special appropriate protection for the mother and the child. The law establishes the minimum age for paid labour. The Republic protects the work of minors by means of special provisions and guarantees them, for equal work, the right to equal pay. ”

“ The office of constitutional judge shall be incompatible with membership of parliament, of a regional council, the exercise of the profession of lawyer and with every appointment and office indicated by law. In impeachment of the President of the Republic, apart from the ordinary judges of the Court, there shall also be sixteen members chosen by lot from among a list of citizens having the qualification necessary for election to the Senate, which the Parliament prepares every nine years through election using the same procedures as those in appointing ordinary judges. ”

“ Article 21 All have the right to express freely their own thought by word, in writing and by all other means of communication. The press cannot be subjected to authorization or censorship. Seizure is permitted only by a detailed warrant from the judicial authority in the case of offences for which the law governing the press expressly authorizes, or in the case of violation of the provisions prescribed by law for the disclosure of the responsible parties. ”

“ Article 51 All citizens of either sex are eligible for public office and for elected positions on equal terms, according to the conditions established by law. The law may grant Italians who are not resident in the Republic the same rights as citizens for the purposes of access to public offices and elected positions. Whoever is called to perform an elected public office has the right to have the needful time to carry out that function and to conserve his place of work. ”

“ Article 45 The Republic recognizes the social function of cooperation of a mutualistic nature and without purposes of private speculation. The law promotes and encourages them through the appropriate means and secures, through appropriate controls, their character and purposes. ”

“ Article 113 Against acts of the public administration the judicial safeguarding of rights and legitimate interests before the organs of ordinary or administrative justice is always permitted. Such judicial protection may not be excluded or limited in particular kinds of appeal or for particular categories of acts. The law determines which judicial bodies are empowered to annul acts of public administration in the cases and with the consequences provided for in the law itself. ”

“ No one may be obliged to undergo particular health treatment except under the provisions of the law. The law cannot under any circumstances violate the limits imposed by respect for the human person.
Article 33 Art and science are free and teaching them is free. The Republic lays down general rules for education and establishes State schools for all kinds and grades. Entities and private persons have the right to establish schools and institutions of education, without impositions for the State. ”

“ Regulatory powers shall be vested in the State with respect to the subject matters of exclusive legislation, subject to any delegations of such powers to the Regions. Regulatory powers shall be vested in the Regions in all other subject matters. Municipalities, provinces and metropolitan cities have regulatory powers as to the organisation and implementation of the functions attributed to them. Regional laws shall remove any hindrances to the full equality of men and women in social, cultural and economic life and promote equal access to elected offices for men and women. ”

“ Article 38 Every citizen unable to work and without the resources necessary to live has a right to social maintenance and assistance. Workers have the right to be provided with and assured adequate means for their needs and necessities in cases of accidents, illness, disability and old age, and involuntary unemployment. ”

“ The right to defence is inviolable at every stage and moment of the proceedings. The indigent are assured, through appropriate institutions, the means for action and defence before all levels of jurisdiction. The law determines the conditions and the means for the reparation for judicial errors.
Article 25 No one may be moved from the normal judge preestablished by law. No one may be punished except on the basis of a law already in force before the offence was committed. No one may be subjected to security measures except in those cases provided for by law. ”

“ A referendum is not permitted in the case of tax, budget, amnesty and pardon laws, in authorization or ratification of international treaties. All citizens eligible to vote for the Chamber of deputies have the right to participate in referendums. The proposal subjected to referendum is approved if the majority of those with voting rights have voted and a majority of votes validly cast has been reached. The law establishes the procedures for conducting a referendum. ”

“ When in extraordinary cases of necessity and urgency the government adopts provisional measures having the force of law it must on the same day present them for conversion into law to the houses which, even if dissolved, shall be especially summoned and shall assemble within five days. ”

“ Article 20 The ecclesiastical nature and the purpose of religion or worship of an association or institution may not be a cause for special limitations in law, nor for special fiscal impositions in its setting up, legal capacity and any of its activities. ”

“ Disabled and handicapped persons have the right to education and vocational training. The duties laid down in this Article are provided for by organs and institutions established by or supplemented by the State. Private assistance is free.
Article 39 Trade union organization is free. No obligations can be imposed on trade unions other than registration at local or central offices, according to the provisions of the law. A condition for registration is that the statutes of the trade union confirm the democratic basis of the internal organization. Registered trade unions are legal persons. ”

“ Each House may be convened in extraordinary session on the initiative of its President or of the President of the Republic or by a third of its members. When one House is convened in extraordinary session, the other House is convened by right. ”

“ Article 44 For the purpose of securing a rational exploitation of the soil and to establish equity in social relationships, the law imposes obligations and constraints on private ownership of land, fixes limitations to the extension thereof according to region and agricultural zone, encourages and imposes land reclamation, the transformation of large estates and the reorganization of productive units, assists small and medium-sized holdings. The law makes provisions in favour of mountainous areas. ”

“ Article 18 Citizens have the right to form associations freely, without authorization, for ends which are not forbidden to individuals by criminal law. Secret associations and those which pursue, even indirectly, political ends by means of organizations of a military character, are forbidden. ”

“ Article 36 Workers have the right to wages in proportion to the quantity and quality of their work and in all cases sufficient to ensure them and their families a free and dignified existence. The maximum working day is fixed by law. Workers have a right to a weekly rest day and paid annual holidays. ”

“ It cannot be conducted in conflict with public weal or in such manner that could damage safety, liberty, and human dignity. The law determines appropriate planning and controls so that public and private economic activity is given direction and coordinated to social objectives. ”

“ Article 17 Citizens have the right to assemble peaceably and unarmed. No previous notice is required for meetings, even when in places open to the public. For meetings in public places previous notice must be given to the authorities, who may forbid them only for proven motives of security and public safety. ”