Jakob Jakobsen

“ The sing. form, Eng. door, is now, however, more commonly used. The old gen. form “dura-” is found in some compds.: dorafel (dorifel, dola- and dolibrod) , durasuk (dora-, doro-) , as well as dola-tree; q.v.
dor [dōr] , sb., a drop; trifle, only noted down negatively, “no a d.”, in the phrase: der’r no a d. o’ blød [‘blood’] in his (her) face, there is no natural, fresh colour in his (her) face at all, he (she) has a very unhealthy or sickly appearance, prop.: there is not a drop of blood in his (her) face. Fe. Is doubtless O.N. tár, n., tear; for the Shetl. use of the word, cf. Sw. ”

“ For the etymology of the word see daddet, adj.
daddet [dadət] , adj., faint; weary; tired; tired-looking (owing to exertion) ; d.-like. Nm. Doubtless perf. part. and to be classed with Sw. dial. datta, vb., a) to tire; exhaust; b) to become tired; lose one’s strength (datta 2. Ri.) .
dafi [dafi] , sb., otter (the mammal) , tabu-name, sea-term used by fishermen. From a *dafa, No. dava, vb., to saunter (R. suppl.) , deriv. ”

“ Prob. a deriv. (*dýpingr, *djúpingr) from O.N. djúp, n., Shetl. djub, sb., depths of the sea.
djur1 [dᶎūr, dᶎūər] , sb., animal; head of cattle; I ha’e no a d., I do not own a single beast. a auld d., an old ewe (Conn.) . In Du. esp. of a horse. Pl. djurs, cattle, esp. cattle kept in the out-field. Sometimes “de djurs” means the horses, the horses in the out-field, in contrast to “de baess”, the cows, the cattle, djúr or *djór. Norse djúr = dýr, n., an animal; Fær. djór, Sw. djur. ”

“ In Ai. dorro is used of a fishing-line with many hooks. 2) wooden frame around which a fishing-line is wound, U. (Un.) : dorro (darro) . Cf. herewith No. dorg, f., in sense of fishing-tackle, a rod with hooks left hanging overnight (R.) . — See støba-dorro, sb. — The form dorro, written “dorrow”, is not quite regularly developed from “dorg”, but is formed like Eng. words, such as “borough, borrow, morrow, sorrow”, corresponding to O.N. “borg, borga (vb.) , morg (inn) , sorg”. In Jam. the word is not found as L.Sc. Edm. has: “dorrow, to fish with a floating hand-line”. ”

“ Tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea. Of fairly mod. origin.; L.G., Da. and No. tamp, sb., a piece of a rope. Fær. dampur, m., end of a long-line (Svabo) , is certainly a word borrowed from Shetl.
†damp [da‘mp] , vb., to wear off the end of a fishing hand-line or long-line; de line is dampet (dampet op) , the end has been torn off the hand-line. Sometimes in a wider sense: to break or tear off the end of anything; to break asunder, to d. de pipe (Esh., Nmw.) . Tabu-word used at sea. ”

“ An obs. Shetl. form drengen (U.?) is given by Edm. in the sense of a man, a lad. The word is found in same sense in the obs. compd. ungadrenger (A.L. in Proc.) or ungadrengen (Edm.) , really a young, unmarried man, O.N. drengr. drengen is the old def. form in accusative: O.N. drenginn; in drenger the old nom. sign r is preserved. The word is proved to be O.N. drengr, m., as Fær. drongur, m., an unmarried man, is also found in fishermen’s language as a kind of tabu-name for halibut (Kirkebø) .
drentel, sb., see drintel.
drep (e) l, sb., see dripl, dripel. ”

“ Burra: dås. In Wh. is found a form, dossek [dȯᶊək] = dos. 2) a) a high, steep, detached rock (cf. stakk) ; b) height, summit of a rock. Rare in the senses given under 2. dos, on the border line between a common noun and a place-name, in “de Dos [dȯs] o’ de holm (de Door-holm) ”, a name for the high, conical-shaped western end of the rocky holm “de Door-holm” (Esh., Nmw.) , serving as a landmark for fishermen by which to find a fishing-ground. — O.N. dys, f., a cairn; Sw. dial. dös, f., a cairn; stack of straw or hay; with deviating vowel-sound: N.Eng. dass, a stack, and L.Sc. ”

“ Comm. in the phrase “to draw ane’s d.”, to draw blood, to make one’s blood flow; to give one a blow on the nose. Occas. corrupted (by dissimilation) : drøni [drøni] . O.N. drøyri (dreyri) , m., blood, e.g. flowing from a wound. For the expr. “draw ane’s d.” cf. the syn. O.N. “vekja einhverjum drøyra”.
drøs [drø̄s, drø̄əs] , vb., to make slow, drowsy movements; to walk or work drowsily and sluggishly, to dawdle; to d. ower de wark [‘work’] . U. Sw. dial. drösa, Da. drøse, vb., to be dilatory; deriv. to be found in the Icel. drösla, vb., to walk slowly and clumsily. ”

“ O.N. dyrnar, def. form of dyrr, f. pl., door.
dørk [dø‘rk] , vb., to hold out; to continue one’s work or project as long as possible, esp. in the phrase “to d. him, d. him ut”, = to dree ut (L.Sc. dre, dree, drey) . Occas. also dork [dȯ‘rk] . Examples: we dørked (dorked) him ut; he’s a ill [‘bad’] night for gaun [‘going’] to Skaw (Un.) , but we’re “strong inside” (= have got a good dram) , so we can d. him a while; he’s eased noo [‘now’] , so we’ll d. him a while, the tide is slackening, so we will continue fishing a while ”

“ L.Sc. “dauer (daiver) ”, to become or to be stupid, benumbed, dull, which in Shetl. has merged into dover. daver, however, is found in a single sense, orig. from Norn (No. davra) , and diff. from L.Sc.; see daver, vb.
dovin [dōvin] , sb., deafening, confused noise. N. dovin is formed by the suffix -an or -ing together with a deriv. of the verb *daufa, *dauva, to deafen, formed directly on daufr, in place of *døyfa with imutation. See dev, vb., and dov, vb., mentioned thereunder. ”

“ Prop. the same word as the foregoing.
drive, vb., to drive, sometimes in some applications handed down from Norn, used somewhat diff. from Eng. drive; thus: to d., or d. at somet’in’ [‘-thing’] , to work or to be occupied with something; de young men never drave [‘drove’] de haf like de auld [‘old’] men, the young men did not attach importance to deep-sea fishing as the old men did (L.) ; what does du d. at? what is your work? (Un.) . Thus: No. driva paa, Fær. dríva uppá, Da. drive på. ”

“ See prec. des, sb.
desket [dɛskət, dæskət] , adj., 1) exhausted; worn out; comm.; at times also with long æ-sound: dæsket [dǣskət] (Fladab., Conn.) . 2) limp; slothful; dull, a desket body (Fo.; N.I. occas.) . Cf. Sw. dial. daska, vb., a) to be indolent and dilatory; b) to go quietly; jog along. 3) confused; helpless; moping (Fe.; Us.) . — For the etym. of the word see dasket, adj.
dess [dæs (s) ] , vb., only noted down in the sense of to set out the long-line, in boat-fishing ”

“ N.Roe. *drafinn, adj., deriv. of “draf” in the sense of decomposed mass; O.N. draf, n., refuse, and drafna, vb., to be dissolved into small parts. (Icel. drafna, inter alia: to become rotten) ; Fær. dravin, adj., moist, and “drav-vátur”, drenched; No. drav-, intensive prefix in adjectives, denoting decomposed state, etc.: dravroten, putrid. With dravin 2 cf. the phrase “as weet [‘wet’] as draf [draf] .” draf, sb., grains; draff, has arisen from O.N. draf, n., but has assimilated to Eng. draff, sb.
draw [drâ] , used in some meanings, diff. from Eng. “draw”, orig. from an older (O.N.) drag ”

“ No. dangleskjerding, m., idler. Eng. “dangler” is used in a rather diff. sense.
dank [da‘ŋk] and danki [da‘ŋki] , sb., 1) a slight hollow; depression in the surface of the soil; dank and danki: N.Roe; dank: Uw.; danki: Umo., Yn., Ai.; denki [de‘ŋki] : Sa. 2) hollow between two waves, trough of the sea; dank: N.Roe. Sw. dial. dank, danke, n., hollow in a field, marshy spot (O.N. dǫkk, f., a depression; hollow) .
danser [da‘nsər] , sb., sea-term, fishermen’s tabu-name for the shark, a species of small shark, Shetl. ho. Da. danser. Really: “den dansende”, the dancing one. ”

“ No. dasken, adj., damp, wet and heavy. The word is prob. cognate with *dusk, Eng. dusk; see duska, sb.
dasket [daskət] , adj., exhausted; worn out. Prop. a perf. part. *daskaðr, of a lost *daska, vb. O.N. dasask, vb., to be exhausted by worry; to be powerless, faint (No. dasa, to grow faint; Sw. dial. dasa, Da. dase, to drowse; to idle) . For the derivative ending cf. No. dasken, adj., in sense of limp from over-exertion. — The word is also found in the forms desket [dɛskət, dæskət] , comm., and dæsket [dǣskət] , which might either be later developed forms of pronunc. of dasket, or deriv. ”

“ Other sea-terms for the otter, besides dafi and dratsi, are borren, bruni, fibi or fobi, hali (halin) , tik or tek.
*dag1 [dag, dāg, (dāγ) dāχ] , sb., day in the foll. phrases: a) goden (dogen) dag (dagh) , good day! Fo.; *góðan dag; b) in the names of a series of holidays, mass-days, such as: Tammasmass-dag [dāg] , St. Thomas’s day, the 21st of December; Todleses (Tollegsis, Toljegsis) -d., St. Thorlak’s day, the 23rd of December; jøl-d., Christmas day, — see further under apta, sb. Fo. A form, da [dā] is found preserved in Sa. in a few phrases, such as: “a da’s wark [‘work’] ”, a day’s work ”

“ Cf. drag, sb., and “draught”, sb.
draw [drâ] , vb., both = Eng. “to draw” and “to pull”; used in several phrases, handed down from Norn and from O.N. (draga) , freq. deviating from Eng. — 1) vb. a.: to d. corn, to draw some sheaves out of a stack of corn; to d. fish, to catch fish with a hand-line, O.N. draga fisk; to d. de milk (ut) o’ de coo (U.) , to milk the cow (esp. of milking at an irregular time; see drag, sb. II 1 a) , also “to d. de coo”; cf. Sw. dial. dra koa, to milk the cow; — to d. de (ane’s) and, end, see and, end, sb.; to d. ane’s drøri, to make one’s blood flow. 2) vb. ”

“ N.Roe. dølos may originate from an old *dygð (ar) lauss; O.N. dygðarlauss, adj., incapable; useless, from dygð, f., virtue; strength; good quality. dulos prob. springs from a *duglauss; Icel. duglauss, No. duglaus, adj., weak; incapable. — dølos, dulos, differ somewhat in meaning from dolos [O.N. dáðlauss] , which denotes lack of ability, while the words first mentioned denote lack of will.
*døm [døm] , sb., an example, O.N. dœmi; now only preserved in the gen. form døms, used adverbially; see the foll. word.
døms [døms] , a-døms [adøms·] , an adverbial expr., as, for example ”

“ N.Roe. lød is O.N. lýta, vb., to disfigure; blemish, etc. The form dilød has prob. arisen under infl. of the Eng. delude, vb., pronounced in the same way in Shetl.
dimm [dɩm] , more rarely dimma [dɩm (m) a] and dimmer [dɩmər, dəmər] , sb., dusk; twilight; hit [‘it’] will be dimm ere [‘before’] dey come back (Y.) . — dimm is here to be regarded as the substantive and not as the adjective; du’s been dee a dimm (Un.) , a dimma (Fe.) , a dimmer (Yh., M.Roe) , a dimmek [dəmək] (Uwg.) , you have been a long time away, orig. ”

“ Phonetically, Shetl. *di seems most prob. to be developed from the dual-form þit, like Fær. tit, pl., ye, you. — See dor, pron., 2nd pers. (pl.) .
du [dū] , vb., to “thou” a person, to address one familiarly, to du a body (person) . Icel. þúa, No. and Sw. dua, vb., id.
dudla, dudlek, dudlin, sb., see dollek2, sb.
duk [dūk, duk] , sb., duck; fabric; cloth; now esp. of duck, = L.Sc. doock. In Shetl. the word is found also as a tabu-name (sea-term) in fishermen’s lang. for a sail, boat’s sail. ”

“ For the metathesis mr > rm cf. the reverse order in gomra from *gorma; see gomra, sb.
dert [dæ‘rt] , sb., an old, decrepit, emaciated animal, a auld [‘old’] d. o’ a coo, o’ a sheep (N.Roe) . Also an old maid. Really one who trips about? Cf. dart, vb., to stamp, No. darta, to trip, and derta, to step carefully, lightly and daintily, Gothlandic därrtä, to step cautiously.
dertek [dæ‘rtək, dɛ‘rtək] , sb., a boot, sea-boot, tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea; comm. in pl.: derteks. Fe. *dertingr? To be classed with dart, vb., to stamp with the foot ”

“ Prob. to be classed with O.N. dýja, vb., to shake; Icel. dýja, vb., to move; draw to and fro (B.H.) . For the development of sound í, ý > äi in Shetl. see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) , §§ 6, 12, — and cf. däib, vb.
däib [däib] , sb., prop. dipping, or one who dips (see däib, vb.) , comm. in fig. sense: a person keenly and constantly occupied with some business, esp. with trifles; generally an elderly person: a auld [‘old’] d. o’ a creature. Noted down in Unst in the foll. senses: one who strives and toils, esp. of an aged, decrepit person; an old, worn-out animal ”

“ No. dæsa, vb., = dasa.
dat [dat] , dem. pron., neut., that (O.N. þat) , is used as the def. art. in the Shetl. phrase, handed down from O.N.: “wi’ d. sam’”, at once; at the same moment; immediately (Yh.) , = Fær. við tað sama. See de, pron.
dava [dāva] , sb., a porridge-like substance resulting from the unsuccessful churning of milk, when the butter is either not at all or only partially separated from the milk; whey in which particles of the curd are floating. Wests. daba [dāba] : Un. dava must be classed with O.N. dafi = dapi, m., puddle; No. dave = dape with the deriv. ”

“ Sa.: drɔin) . — No., Icel. and Fær. drynja, Sw. dial. dryna (drönja, dröna) , Da. dial. drynne, drøn (n) e, vb., to low softly, prolonging the sound, esp. of cows; also (as in No. and Sw. dial.) to mumble; to speak indistinctly, mutter, growl. — dronj, droin, etc. are rarely found as substantives; see drøn, sb.
dronjer [drȯᶇər] , sb., fishermen’s tabu-name (sea-term) for a cow. S.Sh., L., De., etc. Occas. also dronjasi [drȯᶇ··asi·] (L.; De.) . “dronjasi” and “dronjesi [drȯᶇ··əsi·] ” are also sometimes used as tabu-names for pig. ”

“ Fo. Doubtless to be classed with No. drabba, vb., to overflow the bank; Fær. drabb, n., somewhat rough sea; sea-spray; small waves near the shore. Further, Shetl. drabb also approaches the Celt. “drab-”, dirt; mud (Gael. drabach, adj., dirty) . drabb, of a slatternly, disorderly person (esp. a woman) who soils and spills things (Fe., Papa) , on the other hand, is most prob. Eng. drab, sb., in the sense of a slattern; L.Sc. “dirty drab”.
drabbi, drabb-y [drab (b) i] , adj., drizzly; rainy, d. wadder [‘weather’] , a d. mornin. Fo. Deriv. ”