Jakob Jakobsen

“ See hjokel, sb., and hjog2, sb.
hjokfinni, sb. and adj., see hjogfinni.
hjokk [hjåk] , adj., small, only used as a tabu-word in fishermen’s lang. at sea (opp. to ød, large) ; de hook is ower h., the hook is too small. Uwg. Obscure origin.
hjokl, hjokel [hjɔkəl, hjåkəl] , vb., to tie up one of the forelegs of an animal, esp. that of a sheep, to prevent it from running; to h. a sheep. Occas. with guttural sound hjochl, hjochel [hjɔχəl, hjåχəl] , doubtless through infl. of the word “hoch [‘hough’] ” in “to hoch-bend”, to tie the foreleg of an animal to the hough. ”

“ Is the same word as O.N. hóta, vb., prop. to raise one’s hand, to swing the arm, handed down in sense of to threaten. No. hota, vb., to raise the hand threateningly, and høta, høtta, hytta, vb., partly to swing the arm as though to give a blow, partly to threaten. — Cf. hød1, vb.
hudek [hūdək] , hødek [hø̄dək] , høder [hø̄dər, hødər] , sb., fishermen’s tabu-name, sea-term for “hoggistaf, huggistaf”, a gaff (a stick provided with an iron hook for securing a large fish when drawn to the surface of the water) . N.I., Nm. Yn.: hudek. U. (and Y.) : hødek. Fe.: høder (and hødek) . ”

“ Regarded as the fairies’ dance? — *haltr dans or (def. form) *halti dans (acc.: halta dans) , “halting dance”.
*haltagonga [ (ha‘l·tagɔŋ·ga) hä‘ᶅ·tagɔŋ·ga] and *haltagongi [ha‘l·tagɔŋ·gi] , expr. in the imperative, belonging to fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea: stop your gait! stop your speed! a kind of spell by which fishermen formerly thought to be able to check a halibut or other large fish, when hooked, and threatening to run out the whole length of line and break it. Un., w. haltagonga: Uwg. haltagongi: Un. ”

“ O.N. horn, n., and Eng. horn are used in the same sense. In Shetl. also: d) pointed dorsal fin of a fish or shark; de horns o’ de ho (the shark) ; e) feelers of a snail or of an insect; de horns o’ a snail (Fe.: hōrn) . horn is also a Norw. word in both the latter given senses O.N. horn, inter alia: high dorsal fin of a whale. 2) the top of the stem (or stern) -post of a boat; de horns o’ de boat. comm. [hɔrn, hårn] . The compd. hinnispott (honnispott) , sb., q.v., indicates horn in the last sense to be a Norn word. 3) a tapering height ”

“ Wests. II) adj., 1) unevenly spun or twined, one strand being longer than another, lumpy, of worsted; h. worsed [‘worsted’] . 2) entangled, in the expr. “gane [‘gone’] h.”, become entangled; de line is gane h., the strands in the line (fishing-line) have been partly loosened and got entangled (Esh., Nmw.) . 3) metaph. of living beings, people: confused; laughing untimely; a h. body, a person behaving awkwardly or foolishly, laughing untimely, also a person rushing along precipitately (in the last sense: Ai.) ; du is fairly h., you are behaving preposterously, laughing untimely. ”

“ See iset and isket, adjs.
høsj, høss, sb. and vb., see hoss, hosj, sb. and vb.
†høslek [høslək] , sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for a) a hut, straw-thatched house (Yn.) ; b) bød: fisherman’s booth, one of a cluster of booths in which fishing-tackle was kept, when in former times deep-sea fishing was carried on in common in open boats (Un.) . — Prob. a small house; -lek, diminutive ending. Prob. a loan-word from L.Germ. (Germ. häuslein, n., a small house) .
høstakk [ (høstak) høstək] , sb., a corpulent woman; a big, clumsy person (woman) . ”

“ The form honn- in Shetland Norn is regularly developed; horn, on the other hand, with preserved rn, is prob. due to Eng. (L.Sc.) infl. See further under horn, sb., which is found preserved in Shetl. in a few special Norn meanings.
honnek2 [hȯᶇək] , sb., a disparaging term for a girl, esp. a slatternly girl. Fe. From Fe. is reported a pl. form honneks as poss. being an obsolete term for girl, sweetheart; “is it lang [‘long’] since du saw de honneks?” Prop. the same word as the preceding? honnek, (slatternly) girl, might be an old *hyrna (No. hyrna, f., horned animal, esp. sheep) . ”

“ L.Sc. hacket.
hakset [haksət] and haksi [haksi] , adj., full of notches and scratches, full of scars, = hakket. Edm. has “hacksey-looked” in sense of a coarse visage, pitted with small-pox. haks- from hakk-; for the s-deriv. cf. No. haksa, vb., to cut carelessly.
halbert, sb., see holberd, sb.
hald, sb., see hall2, sb.
*hald, vb., to hold. L.Sc. had with dropped l is now always used. An old imp. form halt [ha‘ᶅt, hä‘ᶅt] is reported in a term, belonging to fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea: “Halt [hä‘ᶅt] dy hands and tak’ a blag [blāg] !” stop work (prop. keep your hands still) and take a rest! ”

“ Fo.; otherwise more commonly: hogen, esp. as a place-name, e.g. de Hogen o’ Fogrigert [fɔg··rɩgə‘rt·] (Ai.) : *Fagragarðs-haginn; de Hogen o’ Greenland, o’ Stapnes (W.) , o’ Kolswik (St.) , o’ Voe (Dew.) ; all these names border on a common noun. In Sa. hogen [hogən] , and in Fo. hogin, are still common nouns; thus, e.g.: put de kye to de hogin! drive the cows into the hill-pasture! (Fo.) . de “doon [‘down’] -hogin”, the lower part of the hill-pasture (nearest the village) , opp. to: “de ophogin”, the higher (farther-off) part of the hill-pasture (Fo.) . — hoga is occas. ”

“ L.Sc. whinner, sb., a whizzing sound; a smart, resounding box (on the ear) . Prop. the same word as hwin, sb.
hwini (stenihwini) , sb., see kwini, sb.
hwink [hwɩ‘ŋk, hwe‘ŋk, hwə‘ŋk] , sb., sudden movement in turning one’s head or body while looking sideways; he has mony [‘many’] a h. upon him. Mostly in pl.: hwinks, sudden movements and turns while glancing round, also occas. of abrupt mode of speaking or laughing, with grimaces, and with jerks of the head. See the foll. word.
hwink [hwɩ‘ŋk, hwe‘ŋk, hwə‘ŋk] , vb., to move smartly in turning one’s head or body; to look sideways ”

“ O.N. hæð (and hœð) , f., a height; summit; No. hædd, hø (d) and høgd, f., Fær. hædd and høgd [hövd] , f., a height. The Shetl. forms hoidin, hoddjin (hoddin) rather presuppose “hædd” or “hǫgd” as a root-form, -in is the def. art. grafted into the word; hoidin, hodd (j) in, thus prop. *hæddin or *hǫgdin; de hoidins, hodd (j) ins = *hæddirnar or ’“hǫgdirnar.
hoidin2 [hɔidin (håidin) ] and hoidien [hɔi··diən· (håi··diən·, hɔi··di̇̄ən·, håi··-) ] , sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for clergyman. Also hoitin [hɔitin (håitin) ] and hoitien [hɔi··tiən· (håi··-) ] . U. Poss. ”

“ In Fe. and Y. (Yn., h.) a form holltoit, hoiltoit [hȯᶅ·tȯit· (hɔ̇ᶅ·tȯit·) , hȯil·tȯit·] is found and used as foll.: a) adjectivally, = halltott II 1 and esp. 2: uneven; askew, entangled; hit [‘it’] is gane holltoit (hoil-) , it has gone out of order, has gone askew; b) substantively: α) commotion in the sea, a holltoit (hoil-) i’ de sea. Fe. and occas. Yh.; β) in Fe. as a sea-term, tabu-name for the sea in fishermen’s lang.; de h. — *hallr þáttr or *hall-þáttr; O.N. hallr, adj., sloping; O.N. þáttr, m., a single strand of a rope. Cf. Fær. ”

“ Fe. As the phrases: “to geng heich, to geng to de heicht” (L.Sc. heich = Eng. high, adj., and L.Sc. heicht = Eng. height, sb.) are used by Dunrossness fishermen in sense of to go out for deep-sea fishing, prop., so far as to lose sight of the lower part of the land, the Fetlar form *hott, in all probability, can be explained from O.N. hátt, neut. sing. of hár, adj., high.
hottabor [håit··abər (håi‘tt··abər·) ] , sb., mode of behaviour, esp. strange conduct; du has a h. o’ dy ain [‘of your own’] . Uwg. *háttar-burðr. For the first part of the compd. ”

“ For “h. aff” now also “hankie aff” (Eng. dial., to entangle; twist together) . 2) to stop the execution of a work, in the phrase “to h. ane’s hand”, prop. to let the hand rest; he hanked his hand; h. dy hand a “halicrack”! hold on! stop for a minute! Wh. hank here doubtless orig. means rope-handle. No. hanka, vb., to fasten together, to hook in a loop, etc. Eng. dial. hank, vb., to coil.
hankl1, hankel [ha‘ŋkəl, hä‘ŋkəl] , vb., = hank, vb. 1; to h. (op) de line (the fishing-line) or de tedder [‘tether’] ; to h. aff (yarn) = to hank aff. — Eng. dial. hankle, vb., is used diff. ”

“ Diff. from “hård”, the pronunc. of Eng. horde, sb. 2) a) as much corn as may be dried at one time in a pot over the fire, a hord o’ bursten (q.v.) ; also b) the quantity of corn dried at one time in a kiln, a hord o’ corn (Fe.) . The form hurd is found in Fo. in the senses 2 a and b: a hurd on the kiln. — Possibly the same word as Icel. urðr, m., a great quantity. In No. “yrja”, f., denotes sometimes a crowd, great quantity, sometimes a heap, mass (ur, m. Aa.) .
hord [hȯrd] , adj., hard; severe; troublesome; a h. day, a hard day’s work. ”

“ Fær. hárrama, f., the root of the hair on a skin. The Shetl. forms of pronunciation with close, short o or long u presuppose most prob. a *hǫrhamr.
horin [hōrin] , sb., sea-term, fishermen’s tabu-name for seal. N.I. Other forms are: a) horek [hōrək] : N.I. occas.; b) worin [wōrin, wɔrɩn] , for *hworin: Fo.; c) jorin [jōrin, jorɩn, jɔrɩn] , for *hjorin: Fo.; d) uriin [ū··riɩn·] and urien [ū··riən·] : Wh., Sk. — Prop. the hairy one. An older *háringr (with dropped i-mutation) = hæringr, m., a hairy being. The seal is now also called “de hair-fish” in Shetl. fishermen’s tabu-lang. ”

“ A phrase: hit ’s ill for a hollow man to ha’e a h. hund, it is ill when a poor man has a greedy dog (comm.) . — No. haaken (h. 4: R.) , adj., ravenously hungry, and hæken, adj., greedy; voracious. Icel. mathákr, m., a glutton (O.N. hákr, m., an inconsiderate, insolent person) .
hokillin [hō·kɩl·in] , sb., a species of large shark, = hokel. Nmw. (Esh.) . For *hokellin from *hokerlin. O.N. hákerling, f., greenland shark (squalus carcharias) ; No. haakjerring, f.
hokken [håkən] , hokner [håknər] and hokni1 [håkni] , sb., sea-term, tabu-name for the horse. ”

“ U. The same word as hag2, sb.; q.v.
hoga [hōga, hoga (hɔga, hɔγa, hōγa) ] and hog [hōg (hɔg) ] , sb., a pasture, out-field. In Un. hoga [hōga, hoga] and hog [hōg] denote a pasture in general, both the home-field and the out-field, occas. = okregert (stubble-field) ; de kye [‘cows’] will no [‘not’] keep de hog, the cows will not keep to the pasture where they ought to graze. Otherwise the word esp. denotes hill-pasture, out-field, = skattald, thus e.g. in Y. and Nm. occas. “to drive de sheep to de fardest [‘farthest’] hoga [hōga] ” (Yh.) ”

“ O.N. hagi, m., a piece of land laid out for pasture, and stœðr, No. stød, adj., stationary. A form hogsted [hɔgstɛd] is noted down in Conn. in the original sense; q.v.
hagerd, hagert [hāgərd, -ərt] , adj., badly and clumsily made, having a bad deportment; a puir [‘poor’] h.-like body (person) . West. occas. (Ai.) . Doubtless for the more common ill-hagerd; see further under that compd. hager might be the same word as hag2 [O.N. hagr] with preserved nom. ending -r; cf. the form hoger from O.N. hagr.
hagi [hagi] , sb., an old, worn-out spade, reported in the expr. “a auld [‘old’] h. ”

“ U. hengs is poss. to be referred to No. hamsa, vb., inter alia to put to rights, get a thing to fit, and hemsa, vb., inter alia to gather quickly, catch loosely; to grasp; snatch; fumble; hemsa seg, to tidy oneself; collect oneself; recover (hemsa seg upp) . For the common change ms > ngs, nks in Shetl. Norn see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) , § 38 c, and cf. moreover, e.g. fjunks, sb., = fjungs from *fums, flungs and flunks, vb., from *flumsa, as well as hungs (hunks) , vb., trom *humsa. hungs (hunks) , vb., is found in the same sense as hengs, hings. ”

“ Shetl. hammer is a form which has arisen from *hamar through infl. of Eng. hammer, and is really the same word as hamari (hemeri) , sb.; q.v.
hams [ha‘ms] and hamst [ha‘mst] , adj., confused; unruly; queer; foolish. hams: Du. and Sa. hamst: Papa St. From Sa. is reported “a hams body”, inter alia in sense of: an unruly person, a person in a confused hurry. ”

“ Cf. hungs (hunks) , vb.
humset2 [ho‘msət] , humsi, hums-y [ho‘msi] , adj., of the sky, the weather: cloudy; misty; hazy; a h. sky, h. wadder, a h.-lookin’ day. From hums2, sb. See humsket, adj.
humska1 [ho‘mska] and homska [hɔ‘mska] , sb., fleecy clouds, esp. in an overcast sky with openings between the clouds. Un.-w., Nmn. occas. From Nmn. are reported the parallel forms hungska [ho‘ŋska] , and with i-mutation: hømska [hø‘mska] . hømska is besides given by W.R. in sense of twilight; i’ de hømska = i’ de hømin. — The word is a deriv. of O.N. húm, n., gloom; dark air; twilight. ”

“ A form hjogelrigg [hjō··gəlrɩg·] , prop. characteristic of U., may stand either for hjogeldarigg, hjogelesrigg or for hjokel (s) rigg.
hjoklet [hjɔklət, hjåklət] , hjuklet [hjoklət] , adj., crooked; ill-shaped; of a strange, repulsive appearance; a h.-lookin’ body [‘person’] . Y. [hjɔklət, hjåklət; Yb.: hjoklət] . *hœklóttr or *hyklóttr, adj., bent; really having crooked knees; cf. No. høkla and hykla, vb., to walk with crooked knees.
hjolk [hjå‘lk] , vb., to catch hold of, cleverly, to h. onyting [‘something’] , h. him (de fish) op! take in the fish quickly! (in fishing with hand-line) . ”

“ From Ai. hog (e) ri [hog··əri·] is also reported in sense of marriage, match, esp. jocularly of a poor match: he’s made a h. — Prob.: *hag-reið, f., arrangement; putting to rights, etc.; cf. Fær. hagreiða, vb., to put into shape; to treat in a certain manner. See hag2, sb., condition; order; state of things; management, etc., and red, vb., to put in order. — hog (e) ri, however, in all essentials assimilates to the uncompounded hoger, sb. [O.N. hagr] , and might also be regarded as an extended form of that word through infl. ”

“ Icel. halda á, a) to keep back; b) to endure; to hold on, = Icel. and Fær. halda á; cf. “h. ut, h. wi’”. — h. op: a) to support for life, to h. ane [‘one’] op (Un.) ; cf. O.N. halda (einhverjum) uppi, a) to uphold something or other; b) to cease, esp. of rain; to continue fair for a time (Un.) ; he’ll may be h. op for a while, there will possibly be a lull in the rainy weather, it will doubtless be fine for a while; will he h. op lang? are we going to have dry weather for a time? O.N. halda upp, inter alia to keep back, to stop, No. and Fær. halda upp, to cease; to hold up. ”