Jakob Jakobsen

“ Cf. kruk1, sb.
krug2 [krūg] , sb., see krugg, sb.
krug1 [krūg] , vb., 1) to crouch low, sinking on all fours, esp. in the phrase “to k. anesell [‘oneself’] doon!” 2) to arch the back, ready for attack, appl. to an animal going to butt, = to set de krug. Conn. No. kruka, vb., to crouch down as if going to sit on one’s hams. See krugg, sb., and cf. hug, vb.
krug2 [krūg] , vb., used in fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea: to sail, of a vessel; I saw a far (a boat) krugin. Uwg. Cf. O.N. “rísta krók”, of a ship on the sea: to cut a great curve (krókr, m., a corner, nook; a bending, winding) . ”

“ Often in the expr. “to set de k.”, to arch the back, to bend the back, partly a) against bad weather or cold, partly b) in rising from a recumbent posture, esp. appl. to cattle; to set a k. upo or i’ de back, “to set de krugg (krugi) ” is used somewhat differently, esp.: to arch the back in attacking, of cattle going to butt. In sense 2 the word is sometimes pronounced with long ø [krø̄l] , acc. to J.I.; but mostly with short ø [krøl] . 3) a piece of dough (made from oat- or barley-meal) , raw brøni, shaped into a round cake or brøni ”

“ No. kams (and partly “kangs”) , m., a kind of bun or cake, made from fish-liver and meal, kamshovud, n., fish’s head filled with kams and boiled, Fær. kamshøvd, n. Sw. dial. kings, kinns, m., lump; knot, approximates more closely to the Shetl. word in form and pronunciation.
kenn [kɛn, ken] , vb., 1) to know; 2) to be aware of; 3) to feel, to be sensible of; in all these senses syn. with O.N. kenna, vb., and in the senses 2 (and 3) also with O.N. vita. I kennt it on me, I had a presentiment of it; O.N. kenna á sér, to have a feeling of. In senses 1 and 2, the word assimilates to Eng. dial. ”

“ Wests. In this sense other names are used in other places, as: knibi, nibi, nivi (N.I.) , nugg, noggin, “horn” (Easts.) . On the handles mentioned the load is hung in two halves, one on each side of the pack-horse. — O.N. klakkr, m., a lump. Icel. and Fær. klakkur, m., a) a rising or prominent rock, knoll; b) wooden handle in a pack-saddle; in Fær. also bank in the sea, fishing-ground. No. klakk, m., a) a lump; b) a rock; c) bank in the sea, fishing-ground. Sw. dial. klakk, m., a) a lump; b) a rock; knoll; mountain-top. ”

“ No. klumputt, adj., lumpy.
klums [klo‘ms] , vb., to make speechless, to deprive one of speech; esp. by swearing: “Sorrow” (De’il) k. dee! — de nort’wind klumsd de grey-fish, the north wind kept the coalfish from taking the bait (prop. closed the mouth of the coalfish) : Dew. Sometimes in the neuter or intransitive: to become speechless, unable to open the mouth, besides: to expire, to die; de horse klumsd, the horse could not open its mouth (could not drink) , or the horse expired: Dew. (M.Roe) . Also klumps [klo‘mps] (Un. occas.) . — klumsin, commonly regarded as pres. ”

“ Icel. and Fær. koma at e-m, to happen (of an accident) . — k. frae, inter alia of a fishing-line which has chanced to stick fast to the sea-bottom, round, or under, a stone, and is carefully jerked up: to become loose, to slip out (with a jerk) , — gloit, vb.; de line cam’ frae (Fe.) . — k. on, to happen, occur, = Fær. koma á, No. koma paa (up-paa) ; in other senses see “k. upon (upo) ”. — k. op, to get on, to become known, = O.N. koma upp. — k. till: d) to grow, to become something more or greater; esp. jokingly or ironically: du is comin’ till, you surpass my expectations. Un.; No. and Fær. ”

“ L.Sc. kittle, adj., used in the senses mentioned; but No. kitall, adj., is found in proper sense, ticklish.
kitti [kəti] , sb., pet name and call for a hen: chick. k.-hen, chickabiddy. Syn. with Sw. dial. kytta, f., a girl? (Finnish “kotti”, a boy) . “kittie” is found in L.Sc. partly in the sense of a loose woman, and partly as a designation for a cow.
kiv [ki̇̄v] , vb., 1) to quarrel; to k. aboot onyting. Also: 2) to argue, insisting upon something in a provoking manner, to k. op in ane’s face. 3) to strive to out-do an opponent, to compete. ”

“ For the first part of the compd. see the foll. word.
*kragek [kragək, krāgək] , sb., knee-timber in a boat; the word assimilates partly to “kraga (kra) -tae”; q.v. Edm.: “cragacks, the knees in a boat”. — O.N. kraki, m., a pole, stake, also (as Icel. kraki, m., No. krake partly) a crook, hook.
kraget1 [krāgət (kragət) ] , adj., appl. to an animal: having the neck (partly also the cheeks and head) of a different colour from that of the body, with light (white) body and dark (black) neck, or conversely; a k. coo or horse, a k. sheep. ”

“ U. kidi [kɩdi, kedi, kədi] is more commonly used when calling a lamb or sheep: k., k.! k. ma [mā] ! Sometimes also kida [ (kɩda) keda] as a call for sheep. Un. — O.N. kið, n., a kid. No. kidla, f., a kid, is also used as a call (“kille”) . Sw. dial. kidde, m., a young goat. Icel. kið, n., and kiða, f., (a she kid) . Shetl. (Un.) kida is really a fem. form: *kiða.
*kidn, Kidna, kidnet, see kinn, *Kinna, *kinnet. ”

“ The loop is thrown over the sheep’s head. Sometimes also sea-fowl, esp. gulls, are caught by means of a rod of this description; to k. weegs (weeg = three-toed gull) ; b) to catch sea-fowl, esp. guillemots and puffins on a sea-cliff where birds nest, by means of a rod with a hook at the end. Un, w. — *kilpa or *kylpa. No. (Lister) kylpa, vb., to fish with a rod. Deriv. of O.N. kilpr, m., handle of a vessel; loop. Cf. also Sw. dial. kälp, kjelp, m., a) rope-handle; b) a switch or short stick used as an implement, and Sw. dial. ”

“ Deriv. of the preceding word. — kjinsket, tjinsket, reported from Fe., is different from kinks (et) ; see tinsket, adj.
kinn [kin (kɩn) ] , sb., properly cheek, but now found only in a few places in the same sense as the more common “kinn-fish”, cheek-flesh of a fish; thus in Y. occas. [kin] . From Fo. is handed down an obsolete kidn [kidn, kidən] , with change from nn to dn, in proper sense cheek, used by fishermen as a tabu-word. A.L. (in “Proceedings”) : keedin. ”

“ O.N. koma við, inter alia to happen, occur. — In fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea is used the phrase “come till itsell [‘itself’] ”, of the fishing-line, in sense of to break; mostly in perf. part.: de line is come till itsell, the line is broken.
†kom (b) [kɔm, kom] , vb., of waves: to form a crest (of foam) ; of the sea: to form crested waves, combers; de sea is kom (b) in op. Wests. (Sa., Papa) . Also kem, “kame, kaim [kɛm, kem, ᶄɛm, ᶄem] ”, with L.Sc. form of the word; thus on Easts. (Wh.: ᶄɛm) ; to k. op. — Denoting, in contrast to Eng. ”

“ See the preceding word.
kra [krā] , sb., see *kragek and kraga-tae, sbs.
krab [krāb] , sb., a collection of small, worthless objects, e.g. small, ill-thriven potatoes; small pieces of peat, etc.; a lock [‘lot’] o’ k. Un., Yh. (of potatoes) . Also a collection of small creatures, esp. small, testaceous animals (very small limpets, patella, unserviceable for bait) , small mussels. Un., Nms. (mussel-k.) . Sometimes appl. to small fish, disparagingly. Un. — No. krap, n., a) copse; small, stunted trees; b) small, ill-thriven animals (R.) . ”

“ In a special sense: to k. de coo, to tie the cow in the byre, in contrast to “to bind [bɩnd] de coo”, to tether the cow in the home-field. Shetl. “knit” is doubtless Eng. (L.Sc.) , as O.N. knýta, vb., to tie, has a long vowel.
knob [knōəb] , vb., to gnaw, gnaw off, esp. to gnaw audibly, = knab, vb.; de yowe [‘ewe’] or coo is knobin aff o’ de kail-stock (the cabbage stalk) . Un.
knobb [knȯb (k‘nȯb) ] , sb., 1) a log, short cudgel, small club. 2) projecting lump, bump, knob; also a bump caused by a blow or knock. 3) a short, thick-set person; a k. o’ a “chield”, a stout little fellow. ”

“ A kippek consists of 3 or more (usually 4) fishes tied together, while a band (q.v.) is only two fishes. — O.N. kippi, n., a bundle strung together; No. kippa, f., and kippe, n., Fær. kippa, f., id.
kippek [ (kɩpək) ᶄɩpək (ᶄepək) ] , vb., to string small fishes (small coalfish) together in small bundles, kippeks; to k. de sileks (pilteks) . Un. The word has received the substantival ending -ek, and represents an older *kipp from (O.N.) kippa. No. kippa, vb., inter alia to collect; draw together. ”

“ See klovamark1 and 2, sbs.
klovsi [klȯvsi] , sb., 1) cloven-footed animal, esp. sheep. 2) a person (man) with clumsy feet, a club-footed person. In both senses now more commonly: klivsi [klɩvsi (klevsi) , kləvsi] . Deriv. of klov1 (kliv) , sb., hoof.
*klu, sb., a claw, in the compds. kattaklu and lungklo; q.v.
klubb [klob] , sb., a long wooden handle to the end of which is fixed a flat, slanting piece of wood, by which to smooth the mould after the sowing, in the expr. “møldoin (møldoin’) k.” ”

“ L.Sc. cap, caup. See further under kopp, sb.
kapp [kap] , vb., to cut off, esp. to cut off the heads of fish, and take out the entrails; to k. de fish. Da. kappe, No. kappa, vb., = kabba, vb., to cut off.
kappet [kapət] , adj., esp. applied to sheep: white and black or white and grey, esp. black on the lower part of the body and sides, and white on the back (or conversely?) ; a k. sheep, a k. yowe [‘ewe’] ; also appl. to cows: a k. coo, a black cow having a white back (Ym.) . Sometimes: having vertical, white stripes on the sides and a black body, referring to sheep (Fo.) . ”

“ No. knust, m., and knyste, n., knobby log of wood, Sw. (dial.) knyst, m., Da. knyst, c., bunion, and Sw. dial. knose, m., protuberance.
knott [knɔt, knåt, k‘nɔt, k‘nåt] , sb., 1) roundish lump. 2) a person with a short and stout body, a k. o’ a man (chield, fellow) . The word, esp. in sense 2, is to be derived rather from Old Northern than from Eng. knot, sb. No. knott, m., a short, stout body (prop. a ball; log; cone) ; O.N. knǫttr, m., a ball; globe. Originally the same as the foll. word. ”

“ In sense of call, shout, as well as in the other senses syn. with Eng. call, sb., the L.Sc. “ca’” is now used in Shetl.
kall [ (kaᶅ) käᶅ] , vb., 1*) to call, call someone; in this Norn form, originating from O.N. kalla, vb., is only handed down: a) in an exclamation, belonging to a troll myth: “Dat is my midder kallin [käᶅɩn] on me”, that is my mother calling me; in an older form: my midder “kaller o” me [käᶅ··ərəmi·, käᶅ·ərəmi̇̄·] , my mother calls me, O.N.: * (mín móðir) kallar á mik — the exclamation of the child in the myth about the troll child in the horn (see Introd.) ; Fe. ”

“ Sw. dial. kink, m., an intertwining, etc., also Eng. dial. (kink) in this sense. — In the sense of whooping-cough, Shetl. kink, kinkhost, is most prob. L.Sc. (kinkhost) , though the word “kinkhost” is also found in Da. dial. (Jut.) in the sense of whooping-cough.
kink [kɩ‘ŋk, ke‘ŋk (ᶄɩ‘ŋk, ᶄe‘ŋk) , vb., 1) to writhe, wriggle; to toss the head, to carry the head high; to geng kinkin (Sa.: ke‘ŋk) ; de coo [‘cow’] kinks (wi’ de head) : Sa. 2) to dislocate a limb; to k. de foot. ”

“ The cry of such a sea-bird was taken as an omen of bad weather, when heard by fishermen rowing out to the high sea. — to sing like a k., to sing out of tune (N.I.) .
kokkel [ (kɔkəl) kåkəl] , sb., tabu-name, sea-term, used by fishermen for the compass. Nms. Prop. a lump, Icel. kökkull, No. kokle (kokul) , Sw. dial. kokkel, m.
kokkeluri [kɔk·əlū·ri, kåk·əlū·ri] , sb., daisy, Bellis perennis. comm. Sometimes called “de piri (the little) k.” in contrast to “de mukkel (the big) k.”, ox-eye daisy (Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum) , L.Sc. horse-gowan. Is the same word as No. ”

“ See *kupa, kupi, sbs.
*kora-mussi [kor·amoᶊ·ɩ] , sb., reported from Sa. as being the last words of a dying Aithsting man to his wife: “Oh, puir k.-m., I’ll t’ink lang for dee”, oh, poor - -, I will long for you (Ai.) . As the expr. “krøl-mooth” or “krølet mooth”, prop. “curly mouth”, is still used as an endearing term to or about someone, kora-mussi may possibly be explained in a similar manner from O.N. kárr, m., a curl (or No. kaure, m., id.) , and Fær. mussur, m., endearingly = munnur, m., the mouth. With Fær. “mussur” compare No. munsa, Sw. dial. and Fær. mussa, vb., to kiss. ”

“ Wests. [køl] . N.I. [køl, ᶄøl] , The pronunc. “ᶄøl” is reported from Un. — No. kyl, kjøl, m., and kjøla, f., Icel. kylja and kæla (kœla) , f., (faint) breath of air, cool wind. O.N. kul, n., a cool breeze. Da. kuling, id.
køl1 [køl (ᶄøl) ] , vb., 1) to cool. 2) to blow faintly; he is kølin. — O.N. kœla, vb., to cool. No. kjøla and kylja, Icel. kylja (kæla) , Fær. kylja, vb., to cool; to blow gently. In sense 1, however, køl may just as well spring from Eng. cool. (L.Sc. cuil) .
køl2 [ᶄø̄əl] , vb., to become cool by working slowly, to k. ower a ting. Un. Prob. ”

“ See the preceding word.
kadi [kadi] , sb., 1) a malicious person. N.I. (Y.) . 2) a naughty, spoiled child. N.I. (U.) . 3) orphan lamb, fostered or reared in the house, “kadi”, and “kadi-lamb”; comm. — kadi is sometimes used as a call to sheep, syn. with kidi, kid (Du.) . — Cf. O.N. “kati”, handed down as an epithet or nickname for males; No. kate, m., a boy; L.Sc. cadie, sb., an errand-boy. Sw. dial. katig, adj., quick; clever; also headstrong; selfwilled ”

“ Also metaph.: to k. a body (person) , to burden one with a difficult task. Yh. — The word is prob. associated, partly with O.N. *kléa, (later) kljá, vb., to fasten stones (kléi, klé, m.) , e.g. on the ends of the warp hanging from a loom, partly with Shetl. klibi (klibisten) , klibbi, a) a stone, sinker of a fishing hand-line; b) a red-hot stone dropped into the milk, during churning, in order to separate the curd from the whey, probably steatite. klebi may be an older *klebbi, which, as a substantive, originally denoted steatite, and etym. is to be classed with Sw. ”

“ In the first given sense korri is prob. the same word as Sw. dial. kurre, m., a) the squirrel; b) a small, lively boy. In sense of dog, and as the name of a dog, another “kurre” is found in Sw. dial., with which cf. Eng. cur, sb. For a possible merging of “*kurri’’ and O.N. kærr, adj., dear, in the expr. “my kor (r) i”, see the following word.
korri [kȯri] , adj., 1) small, lively, cheerful and quick, commonly applied to children and small animals; a k. little fellow. Nmn. (N.Roe) , Conn. 2) in fondling address to a child: my k. ting (lamb) ! my piri k. ting! ”

“ Only handed down as a sea-term, tabu-name. “to blaw [‘blow’] de k. (its k.) ”, applied to a ling (or cod) : to blow the stomach out into the mouth, while struggling to get off the hook; de ling (or cod) is blawn [‘has blown’] its k. Uwg. For *kig (e) r from an original *kíkr. Fær. kíkur, m., (inflated) stomach of a whale, esp. inflated and dried for keeping train-oil in. No. kik (ii) , m., skin of a sheep taken off entire, inflated, and used as a buoy (R.) .
keger [kegər, ᶄegər] , vb., to twist; wind; distort; entangle; de coo or sheep is kegerd (entangled) i’ de tedder [‘tether’] . ”