Jakob Jakobsen

“ Fo. O.N. fjara, f., ebb-tide; foreshore. Occas. the word “ebb” is used in sense of limpets; cf. the common expr.: to geng to de limpet-ebb, to go to the foreshore to gather limpets. See *fjorahwarf, sb., and fjoraskit, sb. — fjora is found as a place-name: a) as a name of a fishing-ground: de Fjora [fjȯra] (Un.) , named after two low-lying tracts of shore, used as landmarks; b) as the first part of compd. in a couple of names, in sense of ebb: de Fjorastens [fjȯr··astens·] (Esh., Nmw.) , some rocks, visible at ebb [*fjǫru-steinar,] Fjorawick [fjȯr··awɩk·] (Lunnaness, L.) : *fjǫru-vík — poss. ”

“ The invariably close o-sound in fungli is, however, in that case, somewhat remarkable. In fungli 1 and 2 two different words may possibly be merged. See fumli, adj., which, however, differs in meaning from fungli.
funk [fo‘ŋk] , sb., 1) dense smoke with sparks of fire. Nmn. (N.Roe) ; S.Sh. (Conn.) . Also fjunk [fjo‘ŋk] (N.Roe) . 2) great heat from the fire on the hearth, a f. o’ het [‘heat’] . Du. In this sense also in an extended form funksen, funksjen [fo‘ŋkᶊən] , a f. o’ het. Du. — From the root “fun-” (fire) ? See fona, sb., and below, funk, vb. funks (j) en is poss. ”

“ II) forward, in the foll. applications: 1) forward in the stem of the boat; to sit or lie f.; hit [‘it’] ’s lyin’ f. 2) far from land, out at sea, in the expr.: to be f., to be out at deep-sea fishing (by boat) ; “fram o’” = in front of, farther out at sea than; Johnie is f. o’ me (Fe.) ; N.I.; Fo. 3) in the game “to play holi” (a game consisting in driving small balls or round stones into holes) : to be f., to be forward, to have got the stone (the ball) into the last hole in the row; to be a hole o’ f., to lack one hole of winning the game ”

“ Cf. fjag1, sb.
fjakk [fjak] , sb., 1) feverish hurry, aimless and useless bustling about; de (r) wer [‘there was’] a f. upon him; to be in a f. U. and Y. 2) trouble; anxiety; dilemma; to be in a f. U. No. fjakk, n., bustle; deriv. of *fjak; see fjag2, sb. Fær. fjakk, n., disorder; confusion.
fjakk, vb., see fjogg, vb.
fjal [fjāl] , vb., to hide oneself; disappear: now only in fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea: Pobi [pōbi] is fjalin, “Pobi” (sea-term for a hill in Unst, used as a landmark during fishing) is disappearing (hiding itself) in the distance. U. (Uwg.) . ”

“ Yh.
flør [flø̄r] , sb., is Eng. floor, but occas. used in Shetl. in fishermen’s tabu-lang. in sense of the sea-bottom, a shoal or bank in the sea, a meaning poss. originating from Norn (O.N. golf, n., floor, etc.) ; note, e.g. Sw. dial. golv, gulv, n., in sense of a patch of ground or field; a slope. Found as a place-name in “de Flør o’ Gamlarett” (Fo.) .
fløs [fløs] and fløsin [fløsɩn] sb., skerry with a broad surface; he’s a great f. o’ him. Yn. Occas. in place-names (= fles) , such as Fløsgjo [flø̄sgjo] (Fe.) . See fles, sb., to which fløs (in) is a parallel form. ”

“ Also funglin [foŋglɩn] : Fe. 1) generous; open-handed (Uwg.) . “funglie-foo, -fu”, adj., is given by Edm. in sense of “obliging, generous”. fungli 1 might poss. be associated with No. funk, m., thick-set figure, and funken, adj., unshapely, = fumpeleg. The meaning of these words, however, does not correspond to fungli 2 and “funglie-foo”, just as the root-meaning of “funk, fump”, bundle, lump, does not quite correspond to fungli in sense of proper height and stoutness. The different meanings of fungli are more easily explained from an orig. ”

“ Later on (after the discontinuance of the lawman’s office) , a name for various kinds of taxes, levied by the feudal lord of Shetland in former times. In Balfour’s Glossary “forcop” is recorded with the foll. explanation: “the Lawman’s salary for the Thing circuits; afterwards charged by the Donatary, first against the Crown, and again against the parishes on various pretexts, sometimes of Odal usage, sometimes of feudal claim”. — O.N. fararkaup, n., payment for a journey, means here: “Þingfararkaup”, a salary or payment for Thing circuit. ”

“ No. frott and frutt, m., protruding lips, frottutt, adj., sulky, frutta and frytta, vb., to sulk; O.N. frotta, vb., to protrude the lips (?) . Shetl. frott (s) merges with fret (s) [fræt (s) ] in the same sense as Eng. fret, sb. The pronunc. “frət (s) ” may arise either from “frott-” or “fret”.
†frou, sb., see fru, sb.
fru [frū] , sb., tabu-name, sea-term, used by fishermen at sea for woman; wife. U. O.N. frú, f., mistress of the house; a lady. The form frou [frɔu, fråu] (U.) , however, is more common than fru. frou is prob. ”

“ See further fisp, vb.
fisp [fisp, fɩsp] , vb., 1) to trip lightly and nimbly, but feebly about, esp. of elderly people not decrepit with age; a braw fispin body [‘person’] (pres. part. fispin often appears as an adjective in sense of light, nimble, but feeble) , 2) to work the line backwards and forwards in order to make the water foamy, in fly-fishing; as v. a.: to f. de water. Un. — Prob. for an older *fips by metathesis of p and s ”

“ Wests. occas. — Comparative use of O.N. fax, n., a mane, which in No. (faks) can also denote a fringed border.
faks [faks, fakᶊ] , vb., to form a crest of foam, to lift a foaming top, of long waves immediately before breaking; de wave or sea [sea = wave, billow] is faksin; he’s faksin [faksɩn] upo de ba, the wave is breaking on the sunken rock (the shoal) (Wh.) . Also of the sea: to be in an uproar with foam-topped waves; de sea is faksin. N.Sh., Me., Wests. *faxa, to form a mane or crest of foam. Deriv. of faks, sb. ”

“ Originates prob. from O.N. fallsótt, f., epidemic. The first part of the compd., in that case, is fa’, sb. (L.Sc. fa’ = Eng. fall) ; the second part is corrupted (O.N. sótt, f., epidemic; illness; cf. Shetl. sott2, sb.) . Hardly the word “farsot”, see prec. far3, sb.
fast [fast] and fasti [fasti] , sb., a rope fastened to a stone serving as an anchor for a boat; occas. only applied to the stone itself. The form fast is peculiar to Du. Jam. quotes a form, “fasta”. O.N. festr (afterwards: festi) , f., a rope (fastened or by which something is fastened) . ”

“ Few. Doubtless a name used comparatively, and, in that case, may be explained as an orig. “*feiti- or *feitu-mǫrr”; O.N. feiti, f., fat substance (No. feita, Sw. dial. feta, f.) ; O.N. mǫrr, m., the inner fat of a slaughtered animal, tallow. Sw. dial. “feta” is used in sense of adipose membrane, lining the intestines of an animal, syn. with O.N. mǫrr (cf. Icel. mörr, Fær. mørur, m.) .
fjedin [fjēdin, -ɩn] , sb., a sea-term, tabu-name used by fishermen for a whale (comm.: hwal) . U., Yn. (Dalseter) . Prob.: *feitingr, animal covered with blubber, deriv. of O.N. feitr, adj., fat; cf. No. ”

“ No. folda, f., a plait or fold in clothes.
foleks [foləks, fɔləks] , sb. pl., folk, people, esp. preserved as a tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea, in sense of men. Br. O.N. fólk, n., people, foleks, pl. of O.N. fólk by inserted connecting vowel. The pl. form in Shetl. orig. from Eng. folks = folk, sb., commonly used in Shetl. and pronounced like Eng. folks, with dropped l before k, as distinct from foleks.
folgju (foldju) [fɔl·gjū·, fɔ̇l·gjū·, fɔlᶁu, fɔldju] and fulgju (fuldju, fulju) [folᶁu, foldju, foldᶎu, folju] , sb., 1) annual allowance or pension ”

“ VII) § 38 c; — but fjonsk appears to be a word. diff. from fongs, and equal to finsk, sb. (Sw. dial. fönske, m., a crust on the ground when the snow has melted in spring) ; fjons hovers between fjongs and fjonsk with ref. to the form. — A form fljongs (fᶅɔ‘ŋs] , reported from F.I. in sense of whitish vapour, rising from the ground (usually after warm weather, esp. about “Lammas”, 1st August) , may be developed from fjongs (meaning 1) ; der’r a vilde [‘vile’] “fljongs” comin’ op f (r) ae de eart’. For flj as a poss. ”

“ N.I.
futek, futer, futin, see fudin, sb.
futer [futər, fôtər] , vb., to check; prevent; stand in one’s way; he futerd me; I futerd him. Un. — Is most prob. O.N. fatra, vb., to delay; prevent, with change of vowel in the main syllable. Might also stand for *furt from *furd, *ford, by metathesis of r and the foll. consonant. The metathesis, in that case, doubtless arose in the past tense: futerd from an older *furted, *furded. ”

“ Ferna.
fronet [frōənət] , adj., of an animal, esp. a cow: black-spotted, with a white head and black-spotted forehead (round the eyes) ; a f. coo. Fe. *fránóttr = *frænóttr. Fær. frænóttur, frænutur [fræa··nót·ȯr] , adj., pied (Fær. Anth. II, vocabulary) . Cf. No. “fræning” in “gulfræning”, m., a serpent (viper) having yellowish spots, and “raudfræning”, m., a ruddy-faced, freckled person. — A form fernet [fēərnət] for an older *frenet from *fræn- is reported from N.Roe; see fernet adj. fronet may either be derived from an orig. ”

“ Du. occas. (Du.s) . — *for-sókn; O.N. sókn, f., search, etc., inter alia also implement for searching for something on the sea-bottom and fetching it up (Fr.) . “sókn”, in Icel., denotes a large hook for catching fish (E.J.) or (in pl.: sóknir) an iron chain with which the Greenland shark is caught (B.H.) . — “forsukn-knot” (Conn.) denotes an overhand knot by which de forsukn (meaning a) is fixed to a fishing-line.
*fortek, sb., see forso, sb.
fosen [fōsən] and fozen [fōzən] , adj., spongy; porous, = No. fosen. Also fosi [fōsi] and “fozy” [fōzi] ; L.Sc. fozy, adj. ”

“ Syn. with the expr. “torn in fjarters” is used “torn in tarters [ta‘rtərs] ” (Yh.) . tarters appears to be “tǫtrar”, pl. of O.N. tǫturr, m., tatter; fjarter might then be a comb. of a) one of the many words prefixed by fj- denoting something tattered (in Mod. Shetl. are found: fjag1, fjeg, fjogg2 or fjugg, fjoks- (fjuks-) , fjunks, fjølg) , and b) tarter. Note No. fjarreleg, fjurreleg, fjurren (R.) , adj., shabby; badly dressed (fjarre = farre, m., a tramp) . fjarters might, however, be thought to be a contraction of an old *fatstǫtrar, pl., influenced by tarters ”

“ Wests. Prob.: *fast-drag. In Conn. in the form fastdrev [fas (t) ·drēəv·] . — drog is doubtless from an older (O.N.) *drag, see drog, sb. and vb.; cf. No. dragnet, n., a kind of fishing-net, and Eng. drag, sb. drev is prob. a word diff. from drog, as the final g never changes to v in Shetl. drev = O.N. dreif, f., a band, chain? more prob. to be compared with No. driv, n., fishing by net made to drift with the current.
†Fasten [fastən] , sb., Quinquagesima; Fasten-e’en [‘eve’] , the evening before Quinquagesima, = the more comm. (L.Sc.) ”

“ In the same sense as fasgerd 2, collar of straw, are also found such forms as vasgerd and vasgert (Wests. occas., Du. occas.) , wasgert and wisgert (Ai. occas.) , vadsgordin (Wh.) , and these forms cannot be separated from the quite syn. wasi, wazi, “wizzie”, wisp of straw; collar of straw; cf. No., Sw. and Da. dial. vase, a tangled cluster; wisp; bundle of straw or twigs, etc., Sw. dial. vasa-gär (d) e, Da. dial. vasegjerde, — In Conn. a distinction is made between fasgord and vasgord, the latter of which is used jokingly of a collar. ”

“ The first syllable is L.Sc. fit, sb., a foot; for the second syllable see linn1, sb.
fitsek, sb., a sea-term (tabu-name) for mouse; see fotsek, sb.
fittek, fitter, fittin, sb., sea-term (tabu-name) for mouse and cat; see fudin (futen, futer) .
fitti, sb., see foti (futi) , sb.
fitwark, fit-wark [fətwä‘rk] , sb., 1) pain in the feet. 2) much trudging about; we had a f. destreen [‘yesterday’] . O.N. fótaverkr, m., gout. “fit” is a L.Sc. form (cf. prec. fitgeng, fitlinn) ; prob. also “wä‘rk” (L.Sc. wark = Eng. work, N.Eng. dial. wark = an ache, a pain) . ”

“ O.N. fatakista, f., a chest for garments, the first syllable of which is “fat”, n., a garment.
fedmel [fɛdməl, fedməl] , sb., a fat, corpulent woman. Also fädmel [fädməl] . fed- is O.N. feitr, adj., fat; ä in fäd- is influenced by Eng. fat, adj. For the suffix -mel, cf. such nouns as Da. fedme, Sw. fetma.
feger [fɛgər] , feg [fɛg, fēg] , foger [fogər, fȯgər] , sb., a periphrasis for the sun, only in def. form: de f., the sun, and only as a tabu-name, used by fishermen at sea. feger, foger: Un.; feg: Yn. From Burrafirth, Unst, is recorded føger [føgər] . — From O.N. fagr, adj., fair ”

“ N.I. The expr. “turned till a f.”, is used in Ai. in the foll. senses: a) has come to nothing, a vain hope; b) of a person: entirely emaciated. Also (corrupted) fidabord, fidebord [fɩd··abȯrd·, -bərd·, fəd··a-, fəd··ə-] (U. occas.; Ai. occas.) and fjedebord [fjē··dəbərd· (-bȯrd·) ] (Fe. occas.) in sense of a vision; warning. O.N. fyrirburðr, m., appearance; vision; spectre, prop. that which gives rise to presentiment; cf. “ber afore” under ber, bear, vb.
*firfoder, sb., a sea-term, tabu-name for cat. ”

“ A high, pointed headland Tonga (Uw.) , which, from the sea, has the appearance of a rounded hill, is called (was called) by fishermen from Unst, when at sea, Trotnefell, Trøtne- [trȯt··nəfäᶅ·, trøt··nə-] and Trudenafell [trod·ənafäᶅ· (trū··dənafäᶅ·) ] : the swollen hill, *þrútna fell. — The extended form felli is less comm., and is found as the second part of compds., e.g. ”

“ Cf. for meanings 1 and 3, No. fjon (fjaan) , fjun, n. and f., a flake; down, etc. (fjon inter alia: thin, scant straw) ; fjaangr, n., something thin, scant; furthermore fjom, n., a) thin layer of dust; b) short, thin grass or beard. See fjongs, sb.
fjonks1 [fjɔ‘ŋks] , sb., confused, excited haste; to get in [‘into’] a f. Yh., Yn. For *fjongs (cf. fjungs and fjunks, flungs and flunks) . May have arisen either from *fjams (*fjoms) or *fums; cf. a) No. fjamsa, vb., to run about in confusion; to slur over; fjomsa, f., a person easily confused, overhurrying himself; Da. ”

“ A.S. físt and Germ. fist (bofist) , m., puff-ball; t in fisti- (fisti-ba) may orig. from A.S. (A.S. and Germ. fist) . “ba’” in “fisti-ba” is the L.Sc. form of Eng. ball; the Shetl. compd. thus corresponds to No. “fisball” and Da. “fisebolle”. The Norw. form fisball is found in the place-name Fiseballand (Ubu.) . — fusti [fusti] -ba’ is found as a parallel form to “fistiba”’ (e.g. in N.I.) .
fit [fit] , vb., to potter about doing some work without strength or energy, to geng fitin aboot, to fit aboot de wark [‘work’] . Nmw. fit is the root in No. ”