Jakob Jakobsen

“ A form with lengthened vowel, brogi [brōgi] , peculiar to N.Roe and M.Roe, is used, partly as a common noun, partly as a place-name: de Brogi o’ Brebister, o’ Hulen, etc., names of banks; in M.Roe only as a place-name: de Brogis, two hillocks.
brogget [brogət] , adj., lumpy; uneven, of worsted; b. worsed [‘worsted’] . Un. Deriv. of brogg, sb.
broggi [brogi] , adj. of soil: rough, cut by cracks and fissures. Prop. the same word as brogget.
brogi [brogi, brɔgi] . adj., of the sky: overcast with clouds through which the clear sky appears in large patches, a b. sky (= a holi sky) ”

“ Prop.: “bind her up”? “her”, in this case, most prob. to be explained as the fishing-rod; cf. Fær.: binda tráðuna upp (tráða, f., fishing-rod) . The word for fishing-rod in Shetland is generally wand, a word orig. of the m. gender (O.N. vǫndr, m.) , but esp. in the south of Shetl. “shø” [‘she’] is often used of things originally masculine. ”

“ Nm. (bigg) ; Un. (biggin) ; now comm. “bere” (L.Sc.) . biggin is partly preserved as tabu-name (sea-term) . Also *bugga [boga] : Fo. O.N. bygg, n., barley.
bigg2 [bıg] , sb., 1) a collection of houses, = biggin2; Fe. a large, fine house; Yn. In Edm.: bigd, a building, a house. — Bigd and Bigg are found as sea-terms, names for a farm or village, serving as land-marks for fishermen by which to find a fishing-ground, thus: a) “de upper Bigdens [begdəns] ” and “de neder (lower) Bigdens”, sea-terms for the villages “Taft” and “Nisthus” in Wh. Later used as name for fishing-places: de Bigdens. ”

“ Sw. dial. “bläda”, like L.Sc. “blade”, esp.: to pluck off leaves of cabbage. 2) of plants (except vegetables, cabbage) : to leaf; shoot out leaves; de plants is bleded, the plants have got their leaves; Y.
bleg [blēg, bᶅēg] , adj., light and rather drab, of colour; esp. of sheep, sheep’s wool: whitish and grayish or whitish and reddish (yellowish) , a b. colour, yowe [‘ewe’] , a b.-faced lamb or yowe. Fairly comm., esp. on Easts.; on Wests. more often bleget, q.v. In Fo. blega [blega] is used as name for a cow of such a colour: Blega. ”

“ Fær. bøur, m., home-field; No. bø, m., a) farm; b) = Fær. bøur. Besides being a suffix in place-names, the form bi is handed down in the Unst riddle in Norn about the cow, in the compound [errata 9] vegebi [veg··əbi·] , the way to town or farm: *veg (r) í bý.
bø3 [bø̄] , sb., a low bellowing. U. An onomatopœic word.
bø [bø̄] , vb., to low softly, of cattle; also of human beings: to emit a sound like a low bellow, in order to frighten someone, to boo; he bøs (is bøin) at dee. U. From bø, sb.
bøa [bø̄a] , sb., a cow, as a pet-name, = bua. ”

“ Papa St. [bār·lop· (ə) m, -ən] ; 2) of corn-stalks: the ears of which, on account of being mouldy or half-rotten, are very loose, b. strae; of corn: mouldy, b. corn, = morkend corn; de corn is b., the ears of corn are loose, the corn is mouldy; Fo. [bār·lop· (ə) m] ; Fe. [bar·lob·in] . — *barð-lopinn. For the explanation of the two parts of the compd. see bar, sb., and lopen, adj.
barmskinn [bār··məskın·, bār··mi-] , sb., “breast-skin", tanned sheep-skin, used by fishermen at sea as a breast protector while working with the long-lines. ”

“ Fe. O.N. bræða, vb., to tar; coat with tar (bráð) . From Yell (Yn.) has been recorded *brø [brø̄] , vb., in the orig. sense: to tar, to b. de far, to tar the boat (tabu-expr., used by fishermen) .
bredband [bredbānd] , sb., in the expr. “to lie on b.”, of a sheaf of corn on the field which has become wet, and from which the band has been loosened: to lie spread (on the band) for drying. ”

“ The first part of the compd. is O.N. bú, n., domicile, also stock of cattle. The second part might poss. be O.N. lag, n., placing; position; mode; species, etc., in No. also = brood, but is more probably (O.N.) slag, n., kind; sort (No., Sw., Icel., Fær.) , with dropped initial s in Shetl., the more so as No. “buslag”, n., is found in Aasen in the same sense as the Shetl. word (breed of cattle; jokingly of relations, family) . ”

“ Comm. O.N. brosma, f., cusk.
†brist [brɩst, brist] , sb., on the old Shetl. wooden plough: “breast”, the foremost part of the plough-beam from “de knee” (the bend of the plough-beam where the plough-share is fastened) . S.Sh. In its form the word is most like Eng. “breast”, but the designation is certainly handed down from the old Norn dialect. Cf. ar-tree, orderos (erderos) , sb.
brist [brɩst, brist] , vb., 1) to come or go at great speed (rudely) ; he cam’ or guid [‘went’] bristin. 2) to “b. on” upon a body, to accost a person very angrily and violently (Nmw.) . ”

“ Fo. [brimi] ; — heat and smoke from the fire on the hearth, a brim o’ reek [‘smoke’] : U. [brim] ; a bräima o’ reek (locality uncertain) ; — direction which the smoke from the fire-place takes, to sit i’ de brim [bri̇̄əm, brɩm] or briv [bri̇̄v] o’ de reek (Nm.) ; to sit i’ de brem or brema (De., Nm. occas.) . 2) aurora borealis (in the form of a bright fog-bank) , a brimi [brimi] o’ pretty dancers (pretty dancers = aurora b.) ; Wests. (Sa.) . 3) narrow strip of clouds, strip of fog or mist, esp. of a somewhat light or yellowish (dull) colour, a brimi or brim [brɩm] ower de sky (N.Roe) ”

“ N.Sh. occas. 2) auk, alca torda; S.Sh. The auk is called baki, because it has a black back, while its belly and breast are white (cf. “bagi-maw”) . In N.Sh. the name tjogi [ƫogi, ᶄogi] is used of baki 2. Cf. wolki.
bakins [bakıns] , sb. pl., small tufts of wool left on the hind-legs of the sheep after the shearing. Diff. from L.Sc. “backings” (waste wool or flax) .
bakk [ba‘k] , sb., 1) bank; slope, de b. o’ de hill, o’ de knowe (the slope) . 2) edge; bank; ledge, in the phrase “de b. o’ de gref” of a ledge in a peat-pit, now comm.: peat-bank; see under bakkagrof, bank. ”

“ A hardening of ng to nk is often found in Shetl.
benlin [bænlın] , sb., definite area at sea, esp. fishing-ground; what b. are ye been at? also boundary of a fishing-ground, de b. o’ de grund. Du. Deriv. of O.N. band (band) ? cf., for the use of this word, No. “band”, a pass between two extended valleys (R. suppl.) .
bennel [bænəl] , sb., a band of straw with which a sheaf of corn is tied; also one of the bands of straw with which a stack of corn (dos, skru) is kept together ”

“ O.N. bú, n., abode, also stock of cattle on a farm; O.N. tíund, f., tenth; tithe.
bæn [bǣən] , vb., of sheep: to bleat. Du. No. bæa (bækta) , L.Sc. bae, vb., to bleat.
*bø1 [bø̄] , sb., a churn, tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea. Fo. *byð-. Icel. byða (biða) , f., vessel; tub; Fær. byði (biði) , n., a milk-pail.
*bø2 [bø̄] , sb., 1) farm; house; with this possibly goes the compd. bøsten [bø̄stēn] (Conn.) — see under busten, sb. 2) home-field. — bø is used in a few cases as a tabu-name by fishermen at sea, to designate certain farms or home-fields, serving as landmarks, occas. ”

“ L.Sc. braikit, adj., is diff. (speckled, from Gael. breac) .
breid [brɛid, bræid] , vb., 1) vb. n., to sprout; grow, of corn: de corn is weel [‘well’] breided de year [‘this year’] , the corn grows well this year. 2) vb. a., of cultivated land: to produce corn; yon [‘that’] tun breids better as [‘than’] ony idder [‘any other’] tun, on that field (that farm) better corn is grown than on any other. N.Roe. *brydda (from “broddr”, m., a shoot, shoot of corn) ; No. brydda, vb., to sprout, of corn; grass. — breid differs in the vowel-sound from breed, vb., which poss. ”

“ Comm. Occas. by comparison, in sense of vapour rising from the earth; der’r a “brim-stew” standin ut fae (frae) de land (Nmw.) . The first part is O.N. brim, n., surf; the second part L.Sc. stew, dust; vapour. Cf. brimaskodd, sb.
brimtod [brɩm·tɔd·, -tɔ̇d·] , sb., sound of the surf breaking on the shore. Fe. Latterly the word has been used as a tabu-term by fishermen at sea. *brim-þot; No. brim-tot, n., sound of the waves breaking against the rocks.
brind1 [brɩnd, breind, breind, brɛind, bräᶇd] , vb., of animals: to be in heat; esp. a) of females (sheep, mares) : to desire the male ”

“ Yh. boren is poss. a perf. part. *barinn, beaten; flogged; No. bard, perf. part. of berja, a) beaten; b) battered; worn out. For this explanation cf. brimbortend, adj.
boret [borət] , adj., of sheep: a) dark-coloured on the back, belly and legs of a lighter colour (grey or white) , and with light stripes behind the ears; b) black, with white belly and white breast; c) dark-coloured (black) , with a light (white) stripe round the tail; d) with lighter (brownish) outer wool and a darker ground, also somewhat lighter down towards the loins than on the body. Wests. ”

“ See lega, sb.
bua [būa] , sb., a cow, as a pet-name; geng and bind de b., go and tether the cow. Conn. Cf. Da. bu-ko. See bøa.
buffel [bufəl, bofəl] , vb., 1) to push; shove; buffet, to b. a body [‘person’] . 2) to walk with a clumsy, rolling gait; to work one’s way through mud and snow, to geng buflin [buflɩn] trough de snaw [‘through the snow’] (N.Roe) . Cf. Sw. dial. buffla, vb., deriv. of “buffa”, to strike; push; shove; No. buffa, L.Sc. (Eng.) ”

“ Deriv. of bjog1, sb. 3.
bjoget1 [bjōgət] , adj., 1) of stockings or socks: having circular stripes of another colour; often of such stripes, caused by a bad mixing of the wool; sometimes of the wool itself: badly mixed (Fe.) . 2) of animals: having a circular stripe round the neck, sometimes also a circular stripe across the belly up along the sides or round the tail, a b. sheep, a b. swine; Ai. *baugóttr, adj., ring-shaped, from O.N. baugr, m., ring.
bjoget2 [bjōgət] , adj., white-backed with darker (black) sides and belly; also: black-backed with lighter (white) sides and belly, of sheep. ”

“ Cf. utbrag, breg, obreg, afbreg (d) , sb.
bragd [bragd] and brag [brag, brāg] , vb., to incise; cut an ear-'mark in sheep. *bragða. See bragd, sb.
braktin [braktin] , sb., recently enclosed and cultivated ground. Yh. Doubtless orig. allied to No. brote, m., cleared stretch of ground (O.N. broti) , and brotning, m., a piece of old meadow ploughed up (R., suppl.) , Sw. dial. bröt, m., separated and cleared piece of ground; but the Shetl. form braktin has certainly arisen under infl. of Eng. break, vb., L.Sc. and Shetl. “brak”, Shetl. “to brak ut”: to bring fallow land under cultivation. ”

“ See brolk2, sb.
brolli [brȯᶅɩ] , sb., brother, tabu-name, sea-term. Yn. l-deriv. of “bróðir”. Cf. brui, sb.
bromek [bromək] , sb., 1) a big, stout person, esp. a woman; Un. 2) a fat ewe, slaughtered at Christmas-time, a jøl-b.; Conn.; Fo. — No. brama, f., stately, imposing woman; brama, vb., to glitter; look well; flourish. bromek is poss. rather to be associated with No. (Dal, Sogn) brumsa, f., corpulent, slow (and slipshod) woman (R.) .
*brong, *bronga, *brongi [brɔŋ, brɔŋga, -gi] , sb., small (breast-shaped) hill or bank; now only as a place-name. Icel. (Mod.Icel.) ”

“ L.Sc. bousum, bowsom, adj., has a different sense (pliant; tractable; glad; gay) , but the change -en > -om in the suffix of the Shetl. (and Ork.) word may be due to the infl. of the L.Sc. word.
buser [būsər] . sb., a well-developed, vigorous person; also occas. boser [bōsər] . L. No. buse and bose (bause) , m., a well-fed, vigorous (vigorous-looking) person.
busigget [bū·sɩg·ət] , adj., of an animal (esp. a horse or cow) ; having a stiff shoulder-joint, caused by dislocation; a b. mare, horse or coo. N.I. Prob. ”

“ In the living-room, however, such stone and earth benches are antiquated. 2) low ridge (see borsbenk) , esp. of the ridge formed by the earthing of potatoes, taati [‘potato’] -b. No. and L.Sc. benk, Fær. bonkur, m., bench.
benk2 [bə‘ŋk] , sb., bank of clouds or fog-bank near the horizon, a b. o’ cloods, o’ mist. Y., Fe. Prop. the same word as bank. O.N. bakki, m., inter alia, bank of clouds; likewise No. bakkje, Sw. dial. “bank” and “banker (sol-banker) ”. The Shetl. form has prob. arisen through influence of L.Sc. “bink” (bank, ledge, = Shetl. peat-bank) . ”

“ Den. [bødi] . — In place-names (names of small patches of ground, tilled ground) , mostly in the forms bødi [bødi] and bøt [bøt] as the second part of a compd. — *bœti (n.) , deriv. of O.N. bót, f., a patch; piece; No. bot, f., a patch; small piece, e.g. of a field.
bøggin [bøgin] , sb., = biggin2, sb.
bøl [bøl] , sb., 1) litter; resting-place for animals (sheep; cows; horses) ; sheep-fold; enclosure; in some cases metaph. of a poor couch or jokingly of a bed (N.I.) ; also a place where fishing-lines are spread to dry, a line-b. (N.I.) . 2*) residence; farm, esp. in the compd. ”

“ Prob.: *poksa from *poka. Cf. No. poka, vb., to be busy, to busy oneself with trifles, etc.
bohonnin [bohȯᶇ·ən] , sb., mouse, tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea. Papa St. Ironical application of the word “búhundr” (watch-dog) ? Cf. honnin, sb.
bok [bok, bōk or bōək] , vb., to squeeze; press down (with small jerks) , to stamp; trample; to b. claes, to full clothes in a tub by treading on them; to b. op de land, to trample the ground down; to geng bokin [bōəkɩn] aboot, to stamp about (Du.) . Also to walk clumsily, to jump along (= buks, boks, vb.) ”