Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ In the original, page numbers are printed only on the recto side of each leaf, and are not printed at all after the fourth or fifth recto page of each sheet, until the first leaf of the next sheet. For the reader’s convenience, all pages in this e-book, even those without a printed number in the original, have been numbered according to the original format, with the addition of “r” for recto and “v” for verso. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Pagination. This book was printed as an octavo volume, and was paginated using a recto-verso scheme. In octavo printing, the printer uses large sheets of paper folded and cut into eight leaves each, creating 16 pages. The front of each leaf is the recto page (the right-hand page in a book) ; the back of each leaf is the verso page (the left-hand page in a book) . For this book, the printer apparently used six sheets, lettered A through F, and each leaf is numbered with a lower-case Roman numeral, i through viii. Thus, for example, the first leaf (i) from the second sheet (B) is numbered B.i. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Printer Errors Transcriber’s Note: The following is a list of printer errors in the original.Note: The following are not typographical errors: “fet” (fetch or fetched) ; “nat” (not) ; “tho” (those) ; “slee” (slay) ; “lese” (lose) ; “meuyd” (moved) . ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ A macron over a vowel represents m or n, and is rendered as it appears in the original, e.g., cōprehēded = comprehended.Greek. This text contains some phrases in ancient Greek. Hover the mouse over the Greek to see a pop-up transliteration, like this: βιβλος. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ All apparent printer errors have also been preserved, and are hyperlinked to a list at the end of this document.The following alterations have been made:1. Long-s (s) has been regularized as s.2. The paragraph symbol, resembling a C in the original, is rendered as ¶.3. Missing hyphens have been added in brackets, e.g. [-] .4. Abbreviations and contractions represented as special characters in the original have been expanded as noted in the table below. A macron means a horizontal line over a letter. A cursive semicolon is an old-style semicolon somewhat resembling a handwritten z. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ All themes that perteine to Logike either they be simple or compounde. As yf a man desyre to know of me what Iustice is. This onely thīg Iustice is my theme. Or if disputacion be had in company vpon religion / and I wolde declare the very na- ture of religion / my theme shulde be this simple or one thynge religion. But yf it be doubted whether Iustyce be a vertue or nat / and I wolde proue the parte affyrma [-] tyue / my theme were now compoūde / that is to say / Iustice is a vertue / for it is made of two thynges knyt and vnied togither / Iustice and vertue. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ An easy dede deserueth no great praise / but an harde and a ieoper [-] douse thynge / the soner and the lightlier it is acheued / the more it is to be lauded. ¶ The honesty of the cause is fet from the nature of the thynge yt is spoken of / which place lieth in the wytte of the oratour / and may also be fet out of the philosophers bo [-] kes. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Ethikes deuideth Iustice in two speces or kyndes. One yt he calleth Iustice legiti- me or legal / an other that he called Equi- te. ¶ Iustice legall is that that consysteth in the superiours whiche haue power for to make or statute lawes to the īferiours. And the office or ende of this Iustice is to [A.vii.r] make suche lawes as be bothe good and accordynge to right and conscience / & thā to declare them / & whan they are made & publisshed as they ought to be / to se that they be put in vre / for what auaileth it to make neuer so good lawes: yf they be nat obserued and kept. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Honesty is considered in the nature of the thynge / also in the persones that haue excercysed it / and the inuenters thereof. And in the auctour of it. As in the laude of matrimony be considered the auc [-] tour thereof / whiche was god hym selfe / the antiquite that it was made in the fyrst begynnynge of the worlde / and continued (as reason is) to this hour in great honour and reuerēce. The persones that haue vsed it / were bothe patriarches / as Abraham. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ AN oraciō deliberatiue is by the which we persuade or dissaude any thyng / & by the whiche we aske / or whereby we exhort any man to do a thynge / or els to forsake it / and this kyn- de of oracion is moche in vse / nat onely in ciuil ematers: but also in epistels.¶ Of the preamble. WE may begynne our oracion in this kynde / euyn lyke as we dyd in an ora [-] cion demonstratiue / but moost aptly at our office or duety / leest some men wolde thynke that we dyd it more of a priuate af- fection for our owne commoditie and plea [-] sure: than for any other mannes profyte. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ IT is sufficient to proue that this cru- ell and wicked beest had a great cause to slee Milo / yf he wolde brynge his ma- ters that he wēt about to passe / and great hope if he were ones gone / nat to be letted in his pretenced malyce. ¶ After raciocinacion foloweth compro- bacion / to shewe that no man els had any cause to go there about / saue he whome we accuse / nor no profite could com to no man thereof: saue to hym. ¶ These are the wayes whereby an oratour shall proue that the persone accused had wyll to the thynge that is layd to his charge. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Also of what state he is of / fre or bond / riche or pore / beryng office or nat / a man of good name / or otherwise / wherin he deliteth moost / which places do expresse mānes lyuyng / & by his lyuyng: his will & mynde / as I wold declare more fully / saue [E.iiii.v] that in introductions men must labour to be short / and agayne they are suche that he that hath any perceyuyng may sone know what shall make for his purpose / & how to set it furthe. And therfore this shall suffyse as touchynge the qualitie of the person. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Uery Theme compounde: ey- ther it is proued trewe or fals. Now whether thou wylt p [ro] ue or improue any thyng: it must be done by argument. And yf any Theme compounde: be it Logicall or Rhetorycall / it must be referred to the rules of Logike by thē to be proued trew or fals. For this is the dyfference that is betwene these two sciences / that the Lo- gician in dysputynge obserueth certayne rules for the settynge of his wordes being solicitous that there be spokē no more nor no lesse than the thynge requyreth / & that it be euin as plaīly spokē as it is thought. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Or if we can nat chose but graūt that it is harde / yet we shall shew that it is so honest a dede / so worthy praise / & besydes so great cōmodity wyll come therof / that the hard- nes ought in no wise to fere vs: but rather be as an instigacion to take the thynge on hande / remembrynge the greke prouerbe. Scisnola ta nala / that is to say / all excellent & cōmēdable thyng [e] s be hard & of difficulty. ¶ In honesty are cōprehēded all vertues / as wysdō / iustice / due loue to god / & to our parentes / liberality / pity / constāce / tempe- rance. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Cōtraryly all Catons study was on tem [-] peraūce / and to do in no maner otherwyse than was conuenient & fyttynge for suche a man as he was / and chiefly he sette his mynde to seueryty / he neuer made no com [-] parison with the riche man in richesse / nor with the myghty man in power. But yf nede required / with the hardy mā in bold- [C.i.r] nes / with the temperate in moderacion / with the good man in innocency & iust dea [-] ling. He cared not for the name / it was suf- ficiēt to hym to haue the dede / & so / the lesse he cared for glorye / the more alwayes he opteyned. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ As in the example now spoken of / what an harde enterprise it is for one man to entre into a kynges armye / and to come to the kynges pauilion in the face of his souldi- ers to aduenture to slee hym. ¶ Of the seconde parte of con- tencion / called confutacion. COnfutaciō is the soilyng of suche argumentes as maye be induced agaynst our purpose / which part is but lytle vsed in an oracion demonstra- tiue. Neuer the lesse / somtyme may chaūce a thyng that must be either defended or els at the leest excused. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Rhetoricians call Docilite. ¶ Beneuolence is the place whereby the herer is made willyng to here vs / and it is conteyned in the thynge that we speke of / in them whom we speke to / & in our owne persone. The easyest and moost vsed place of beneuolence consysteth in the offyce or duety of the person / whan we shew that it is our duety to do that we be about. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ As in the fyrst comedie of Terēce one Simo telleth his seruaūt Sosia / that though all yonge men for the more parte gyue them selfe to some peculiare thynge / wherin they sette theyr chiefe delyght / as some to haue goo- dely horses / some to cherysshe houndes for huntyng / & some are gyuen onely to theyr bookes / his sone Pāphilus loued none of these more one thā an other / and yet in al these he exercised hym selfe mesurably. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ In yll and peruerse act [e] s / to beware that they folowe nat them to theyr great shame and confusion. ¶ Of an oracion demonstratiue / wherein are praised neither persones nor actes / but some other thynges / as religion / matrimony / or suche other. THe best begynnyng wyll be if it be taken out of some high praise of the thynge. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ And for this cause I haue ben farre lesse cu [-] riouse than I wolde els haue ben / and also a great dele the shorter. If this my labour may please your lordeshyp / it is the thynge that I do in it moost desyre / but yf it seme [F.vii.r] bothe to you and other a thyng that is ve- ry rude and skant worthe the lokynge on: yet Aristotles wordes shal confort me / who sayeth yt men be nat onely bounde to good authors: but also to bad / bicause yt by their wrytynge they haue prouoked cunnynger men to take the mater on hande / whiche wolde els peraduenture haue helde theyr peace. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ A vertue whereby to euery thynge is gyuen that that to it be- longeth. ¶ What is the cause thereof? Mannes wyll consentynge with lawes & maners. ¶ How many kyndes? Two. ¶ Whiche? Commutatiue & Distributiue / for in two maners is our medlynge with other men / eyther in thynges of our sub- staunce & wares / or in gentyll and cyuyle conuersacion. [A.viii.r] ¶ what thynge is Iustice commutatiue? Right and equitie in all contractes. ¶ what is Iustice distributiue? Iustice of ciuile lyuynge. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Neuertheles to satisfie the re- ders mynde / & to alleuiate the tediousnes of serchynge these places / I wyll open the maner and facion of the handelyng of the theme aforsayd as playnly as I can / after the preceptes of Logike. [A.vi.v] ¶ First to serche out the perfite knowlege of Iustice: I go to my fyrst place diffinici [-] on / & fetche from Aristotle in his Ethik [e] s the Diffinicion of Iustice / which is this. ¶ Iustice is a morall vertue / wherby men be the werkers of rightfull thynges (that is to saye) whereby they bothe loue & also do suche thynges as be iust. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ And bycause we wold nat displease no mā his owne wyfe at home: here are we now combred with all / gathered to gyder on a hepe / and brought in that takynge that we dare nat ones open our lyppes against them. &c [etera] . ¶ We may also begyn at the nature of the tyme that we speke in / or at the nature of the place / or at any other circumstaunce or thynge incident. As Liuius in the .ix. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ The 2004 electronic transcription by Robert N. Gaines, available in SGML format from the Arts and Humanities Data Service, http://ahds.ac.uk. The typography notes above are based in part on the notes to that transcription.2. The 1899 reprint edited and annotated by Frederick Ives Carpenter (University of Chicago Press; facsimile reprint by AMS Press, 1973) . ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ THat thynge is now entreated while fortune is fauourable vnto you / that we ought moost to abhorre / and you sure- ly ought aboue all thynges to desyre / that is to haue peace. And it is most for the pro [-] fyte of vs two / whiche haue the mater in handelyng that peace be had. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ IF euery man my lordes and maisters of this citie wolde obserue and kepe the ryght and maiestye of a man agaynst his owne wife / we shuld haue ferre lesse en- combrance now with the hole thronge thā we haue. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Pages A.i.v and F.viii.r are blank and are not numbered in this e-book.Sources consulted. This e-book was prepared from microfiche scans of the 1532 edition, which can be viewed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) website at http://gallica.bnf.fr. The uneven quality of the scans, and the blackletter font in the original, made the scans difficult to read in some places. To ensure accuracy, the transcriber has consulted the following sources:1. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ The other kynde of Iustice whiche men call Equitie is whereby a man neyther taketh nor gy- ueth lesse nor more than he ought / but in gyuynge taketh good hede that euery mā haue accordynge as he deserueth. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Oures ho- nest / reasonable / & profitable: Theyrs clene contrarye. And than serche out lyke exam- ples / either of greater maters or of lesse / or els of egall maters / and to manifest by thē that our mynde is the very truthe. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ And this is the maner of prefaces in any oracion / whiche is also obserued in the making of epistles / how beit there is farre lesse crafte in them than is in an oracyon. ¶ There is yet an other fourme & maner to begyn by insinuacion / wherfore it beho [-] ueth to know that insinuacion is / whā in the begynnyng / yf the mater seme nat lau [-] dable or honest / we find an excuse therfore. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ Or if one shulde speake of Peters denyeng of Christ / he hath nothyng to disprayse ye person saue onely for this dede. The thyrd kynde is: wherin is lauded or blamed no- ther person nor dede / but some other thing as vertue / vice / iustice / iniurie / charite / en- uie / pacience / wrathe / and suche lyke. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ And these argumentes be fet out of the cir [-] cūstances of ye cause / yt is to say / the time / the place / the doers / the thynge it selfe / the meanes whereby it shulde be done / the cau [-] ses wherefore it shulde be done or nat / the helpes or impedimētes that may be ther- in. In this purpose examples of histories are of great efficacy. ”
Leonard Cox, The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke
“ THe confirmacion hath certayn places appropred thereto / but here must be marked that state negociall is double / absolute / & assūptyue. ¶ State negociall absolute is whan the thynge that is in controuersy is absolute- ly defended to be laufully done. ”
