Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese

Name: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12 — Hadrian
Author: Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12… (1911)

Summary

“1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12 — Hadrian”, published in 1911, is a work by Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese. It explores elements such as Hadrian, Trajan and emperor.

Quotes from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12… (Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese)

Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12… (1911)

“ Athens, however, was the favourite site of his architectural labours; here he built the temple of Olympian Zeus, the Panhellenion, the Pantheon, the library, a gymnasium and a temple of Hera.
Hadrian was fond of the society of learned men—poets, scholars, rhetoricians and philosophers—whom he alternately humoured and ridiculed. In painting, sculpture and music he considered himself the equal of specialists. The architect Apollodorus of Damascus owed his banishment and death to his outspoken criticism of the emperor’s plans. ”

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Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12… (1911)

“ Hadrian’s first important act was to abandon as untenable the conquests of Trajan beyond the Euphrates (Assyria, Mesopotamia and Armenia) , a recurrence to the traditional policy of Augustus. The provinces were unsettled, the barbarians on the borders restless and menacing, and Hadrian wisely judged that the old limits of Augustus afforded the most defensible frontier. Mesopotamia and Assyria were given back to the Parthians, and the Armenians were allowed a king of their own. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12… (1911)

“ Large sums of money and games and shows were provided for the people, and, in addition, all the arrears of taxation for the last fifteen years (about £10,000,000) were cancelled and the bonds burnt in the Forum of Trajan. Trajan’s scheme for the “alimentation” of poor children was carried out upon a larger scale under the superintendence of a special official called praefectus alimentorum.
The record of Hadrian’s journeys [1] through all parts of the empire forms the chief authority for the events of his life down to his final settlement in the capital during his last years. ”

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Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12… (1911)

“ Although he endeavoured to win the popular favour, he was more feared than loved. A man of unnatural passions and grossly superstitious, he was an ardent lover of nature. But, with all his faults, he devoted himself so indefatigably to the service of the state, that the period of his reign could be characterized as a “golden age.”
The chief ancient authorities for the reign of Hadrian are: the life by Aelius Spartianus in the Scriptores historiae Augustae (see Augustan History and bibliography) ”

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Source: Wikisource

Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12… (1911)

“ Humane regulations as to the treatment of slaves were strictly enforced; the master was forbidden to put his slave to death, but was obliged to bring him before a court of justice; if he ill-treated him it was a penal offence. The sale of slaves (male and female) for immoral and gladiatorial purposes was forbidden; the custom of putting all the household to death when their master was murdered was modified. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12… (1911)

“ In 107 Hadrian was legatus praetorius of lower Pannonia, in 108 consul suffectus, in 112 archon at Athens, legatus in the Parthian campaign (113–117) , in 117 consul designatus for the following year, in 119 consul for the third and last time only for four months. When Trajan, owing to a severe illness, decided to return home from the East, he left Hadrian in command of the army and governor of Syria. On the 9th of August 117, Hadrian, at Antioch, was informed of his adoption by Trajan, and, on the 11th, of the death of the latter at Selinus in Cilicia. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12… (1911)

“ One of his chief objects was the abolition of distinctions between the provinces and the mother country, finally carried out by Caracalla, while at the same time he did not neglect reforms that were urgently called for in Italy. Provincial governors were kept under strict supervision; extortion was practically unheard of; the jus Latii was bestowed upon several communities; special officials were instituted for the control of the finances; and the emperor’s interest in provincial affairs was shown by his personal assumption of various municipal offices. ”

Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese

Summary

Quotes from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12… (Thomas Kirkup and John Henry Freese)

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