Sramana

Definition and stakes

Portrait of Confucius Confucius,  Chinese literature

“ Forty li to the east of the Abhayagiri-vih‚ra there is a hill, with a vih‚ra on it, called the Chaitya, where there may be two thousand monks. Among them there is a Sramana of great virtue, named Dharma-gupta, honored and looked up to by all the kingdom. He has lived for more than forty years in an apartment of stone, constantly showing such gentleness of heart, that he has brought snakes and rats to stop together in the same room, without doing one another any harm. ”
Source: Gutenberg

Portrait of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky Helena Petrovna Blavatsky,  The Voice Of The Silence/Fragment III The Seven Portals (1889)

“ Śrâvaka — a listener, or student who attends to the religious instructions. From the root "Śru." When from theory they go into practice or performance of asceticism, they become Śramanas, "exercisers," from Śrama, action. As Hardy shows, the two appellations answer to the words akoustikoi and asketai of the Greeks.
↑ (4) . Samtan (Tibetan) , the same as the Sanskrit Dhyâna, or the state of meditation, of which there are four degrees.
”
Source: Wikisource

Herbert Strang,  Samba: A Story of the Rubber Slaves of the Congo

“ He laughed and clapped his hands like a child.
"It was Pat that showed me where Samba was," said Jack to Barney. "Nando was tied up in a hut with him—he must have been captured with dear old Uncle—and the wretch saved himself by burning his ropes through and left Samba to perish in the flames. Pat dragged me to the spot."
"The darlint is worth his weight in gold," cried Barney delighted. "That's twice he has saved Samba, sorr. Black men and white men are brothers, or ought to be, and there's niver a doubt that dogs are cousins at the very least.
”
Source: Gutenberg

Get perspective with Kwize: daily news enlightened by great literature