G. B. Sowerby

Name: Illustrated Index of British Shells
Author: G. B. Sowerby

Illustrated Index of British Shells

Summary

“Illustrated Index of British Shells”, is a work by G. B. Sowerby. It explores elements such as fath, Mc and Zetland.

Quotes from Illustrated Index of British Shells (G. B. Sowerby)

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ Shells of Arcadæ, 1-14, have the hinge characterized by a series of teeth on each side of the apex. Nucula, Arca, and Pectunculus are easily distinguished. Limopsis, 14, has a spring pit between the two rows. Our figure of Pinna, 16, is from a young specimen: it grows to great size, and spins a very silky byssus. The shell of Anomia, 18, is fixed to rocks, etc., by means of a bony button passing through a hole or sinus in the lower valve. Lima, 22-24, has a light, thin shell, and its mantle is adorned with beautiful fringes. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ Unio, 1-3, has teeth on the hinge, and Anodon, 4, has not: it is a thin shell. The foot of these molluscs is very large, and is used in cutting the animal's way through the mud in which it burrows. Of the marine, or true Mussels, Modiola, 6-9, and Crenella, 12-17, have a portion of the shell reaching beyond the point or apex, which in Mytilus is terminal, 18-21. Dreissina, 5, is shaped like Mytilus, but lives in fresh-water docks. The Mytilidæ attach themselves by means of horny threads spun from the foot, and called a "byssus." ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ J. G. Jeffreys, Esq., F.R.S., etc., whose researches have resulted in so many additions to our Fauna; Mr. Brice Wright, the Naturalist, of Great Russell Street, and others, who have in the most liberal manner supplied him with specimens from which his drawings are taken. The loan of delicate and minute shells to authors and artists has so often proved disastrous, that nothing but a generous friendship, and a zealous love of Natural History, could have induced proprietors so freely to incur the risk. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ Solens burrow in deep holes in the sand, where they remain in a perpendicular position at a great depth below the surface, where yet their presence may be traced by the opening left. Their large muscular foot enables them to take great leaps when out of the holes.
Plate III.
Psammobia, 1-4, and Tellina, 5-16, include some of our most beautiful shells. The animals have a large, fleshy, curved foot, and the mantle open and fringed. Their shells are provided with an external ligament, and teeth on the hinge. Donax, or "Wedge," 19, 20, has long, separated, fringed siphons. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ Gastrochæna, 14, has a gaping shell, and encloses itself in a bottle-shaped covering of cemented stones and sand. Saxicava, 15, 16, Venerupis, 18, and Petricola, 17, burrow in sand, or live in holes of rocks.
Myadæ, or "Gapers," Mya, 19, 20, and Panopæa, 21, 21*, burrow downwards in sand and mud, their siphons protected by a coriaceous covering. Their shells are not closed all round, and those of Mya have a spoon-shaped process in the hinge of one valve.
Corbulidæ, 22-28, have short siphons with fringed edges, and the foot protrudes through a hole in the otherwise closed mantle. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ A common garden Snail, observed crawling and feeding, is easily seen to possess a distinct head, upon which are four feelers or horns, with eyes at the end, and underneath which is a mouth; a broad disc, extending the whole length of the body, is the organ of locomotion ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ Conovulus, 4-7, affects brackish marshes. Our common Slugs yield, on dissection, thin shells, which are concealed beneath the mantle, Limax, 9-12. The shells of Testacellus, 13, 14, are fixed near the end of the foot, outside. The glassy shells of Vitrina, 15, 16, do not enclose the whole Slug-like animal. The other genera of Land Snails have shells large enough to receive the animal when retracted and withdrawn for repose. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ N. nucleus, Linn. (Arca.) —N. margaritacea, Glycimeris argentea.—Brit. co. generally, 7 to 90 fath., C. Thick, obtuse; beaks terminal.
02. N. decussata, Sowerby.—N. sulcata, N. Polii.—Hebrides, Loch Fyne, Dublin Bay, 30 to 50 fath., Mr. Large, striated; beak not terminal.
03. N. radiata, Hanley.—N. and Arca nucleus and radiata.—Torbay, Milford Haven, Arran, etc., 10 to 70 fath., Mc. Prolonged anteriorly, rayed.
04. N. nitida, Sowerby.—N. nucleus, var.—Numerous British loc., 1 to 35 fath., C. Shining, ends rather pointed. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ L. auricularius, Linn. (Helix.) —L., Helix, Bucc., Turbo, Bulimus a., patulus, etc.—Near London, Swansea, etc., Mc. Aperture very wide, and outer lip partially reflected.
06. L. acutus, Jeffreys.—L. auricularius, var. B. M.—Oban, Clumber Lake, Bloomfield, Kent, R. Apex sharp and tapering; aperture smaller than No. 5.
07. L. truncatulus, Müller, (Bucc.) —H., B., and L. truncatus, fossarius, minutus, limosus, etc.—Partly amphibious, generally diffused, C. Small, spire equal to body. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ C. norvegicum, Spengler.—C. lævigatum, C. serratum, C. oblongum, C. Pennantii.—Brit. co. generally. Sand and gravel, 15 to 80 fath. Smooth, variegated when young.
Lucina.
14. L. divaricata, Linn. (Tellina.) —Cardium arcuatum, L. arcuata, commutata.—Near Falmouth, 20 fath., Rr. Rounded, with diverging ribs.
15. L. flexuosa, Mont. (Tellina.) —Venus sinuosa, Amphidesma flexuosa, L. sinuata; gen. Cryptodon, Axinus, and Ptychina.—Clyde, Bantry, Anglesea, etc., 7 to 80 fath., Mc. Thin, with a fold behind.
16. L. borealis, Linn. (Venus.) —Tellina radula, Lucina r., L. alba.—Many Brit. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ S. prismatica, Mont.— (Ligula) Mya and Amphidesma p.—Weymouth, Forth, Dublin, Antrim, etc., littoral, Mc. More pointed and narrow than S. intermedia.
20. S. tenuis, Mont.— (Mactra) Amphidesma t.—Dorset, Scarborough, Antrim, etc., 5 to 100 fath., Mc. Short, subtrigonal.
21. S. intermedia, Thompson.—Mya and Syndosmya nitida, Abra profundissima.—In mud, 6 to 100 fath., Zetland, Skye, Cape Clear, etc., R. Broader and more pointed than S. prismatica.
22. S. alba, Wood.— (Mactra) M. and Amphidesma Boysii and A. album.—Brit. co. generally, C. Short, rounded, oval. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ O. dolioliformis, Jeffr.—Scarborough, Exmouth, Swansea, Tenby, Rr., Scotland. Oval, body-whorl very tumid.
28. O. Warrenii, Thompson, (Rissoa.) —Turbonilla and O. obliqua, O. decorata.—Dublin, S. Devon, W. Scotland, R. Turreted. Mouth oblique; an umbilicus; no fold or columella.
29. O. spirialis, Mont. (Turbo.) —Voluta and Rissoa s., pellucida, and plicatula.—Brit. co. generally, not deep, Mc. Whorls ribbed longitudinally above, spirally beneath.
30. O. decussata, Mont. (Turbo.) —T. Helix, Rissoa and O. arenaria, pellucida?, and d.—Exmouth, Lerwick, etc., R. Ribbed and spirally striated. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ E. acicula, Philippi, (Melania.) —E., Chemn., Odost., and Eulima clavula.—Skye, Rr.
28. E. affinis, Philippi, (Eulima.) —Pyramis, Odost., and E. gracilis, lævis.—Skye, Torbay, R.
29. E. clavula, Lovén (Turbonilla.) —Odostomia c.—Torbay, Rr. Guernsey.
30. E. obeliscus, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1858.—Shetland.
PLATE XV.
Turritella.
Fig.
01. T. cornea, Lamk.—T. communis, var., B. M.—Cork and Zetland, Mr. Whorls less flat and less rapidly enlarged than T. communis. A white var. exists (T. nivea) .
02, 3. T. communis, Risso.—T. cornea?, T. Terebra.—Brit. co. generally; 4 to 100 fath., Cc. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ P. crispata, Linn.—P. bifrons.—Hastings, Liverp., Scarb., Dubl., Forth, etc., C. No dorsal plate; valves broad, beaked, with oblique division.
13. P. striata. Rare and doubtful as British. Valves closed.
Pholadidea. Pierces and inhabits stone.
12. P. papyracea, P. Loscombiana, P. Goodalli.—S. Devon, N. Ire., R. Valves closed, with a cup. P. lamellata, Turt., when young, not closed; no cup.
Gastrochæna. Bores and inhabits stone, thick shells, etc.
14. G. modiolina, Lamk.—G. Pholadia, G. hians, Mya dubia, Mytilus ambiguus, Pholas faba.—Torbay, Birterbuy, Galway, Weymouth, etc. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ L. squamosum, Mont.—Solen and Lutraria s.—Salcombe Bay, Tenby, Cork, etc., R. Flat, subquadrate.
10. L. nitidum, Turt. (Kellia.) —Torbay, Skye, R. Less square and flat than L. squamosum.
11. L. convexum, Alder.—Bantry Bay, Rr. Convex, granulated.
12. L. Clarkiæ, Clark.—Exmouth, Plymouth, Zetland, Rr. Minute, oval, smooth.
13. L. sulcatulum, Jeffr.—Annals, Feb. 1859. Guernsey, Mc. Concentrically wrinkled.
Galeomma. Adheres to rocks by byssus.
14, 15. G. Turtoni, Sowb.—Channel Islands, and Exmouth. Oblong, gaping.
Cyclas. Inhabits fresh-water.
16. C. cornea, Linn. (Tellina.) ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ V. scotica and Damnoniensis, Crassina sulcata, etc.—Devon, Cornwall, Bantry, etc., C. Thickly ribbed.
20. A. compressa, Mont.— (Venus) Venus and Crassina Montagui, Cyprina comp.—Scarborough, Northumbria, Bantry Bay, Firth of Forth, 7 to 40 fath., M. C.
21. A. crebricostata, Forbes.—Zetland and Skye (dead) , R. Ribs more numerous than in A. sulcata.
22. A. arctica, Gray.— (Crassina) Venus borealis, Astarte compressa.—Aberdeen, Zetland, St. Andrew's bay, etc., Rr. Lenticular, not ribbed.
Cytherea.
23. C. chione, Linn.— (Venus.) —Plymouth, S. Devon, Falmouth, Carnarvon, 12 to 20 fath., Mr. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ P. norvegica, Spengl.—P. glycimeris, P. arctica.—Scarborough, Zetland (90 fath.) , Rr. Quadrate.
21*. P. Aldrovandi, Lamk.—Cornwall, one specimen, Jeffreys. Oblique.
Corbula. Dredged in mud and sand.
22. C. nucleus, Lamk.—C. striata, Mya, and C. inæquivalvis.—Dublin, Torquay, Forth, 4 to 80 fath., C. Valves unequal, beaked.
23. C. rosea, Brown.—Weymouth, Rr. as Brit. Valves not beaked.
24. C. ovata, Forbes.—Isle of Man, Rr. Oval, truncated at end.
Sphænia. Burrows in foliaceous shells.
25. S. Binghami, Turt.—Corbula B.—Torquay, Guernsey, Swansea, Forth, etc., R.
Neæra. Lives incrusted in sand. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ Lutraria. Inhabits mud.
Fig.
01. L. intermedia?, Sowb.—Perhaps only the young of L. elliptica.
02. L. elliptica, Lamk.—Mactra lutraria, Linn.—Scarborough, Torbay, Dublin, Forth, Lerwick, etc., C. Broad, oval.
03. L. oblonga, Chemn.— (Mya) L. solenoides, L. hians, Mactra hians, Chama magna.—Cornwall, Devon, etc., Mc. Arched, narrow.
Tapes. Burrows in mud and stone.
04, 5. T. pullastra, Wood.—Venus pullastra, V. perforans (var. f. 4) , Venerupis nucleus, Pullastra vulgaris, etc.—Plymouth, Scarborough, Swansea, Forth, etc., C.
06. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ The common eatable Scallop. Valves unequal.
14. P. similis, Laskey.—O. and P. tumidus.—Fr. Forth, Isl. Man, Lerwick, Cape Clear, etc., Mc. Minute, smooth, with undulating marks.
15. P. striatus, Müller.—P. aculeatus, fuci, etc.—Scotland, C.; England, R.
16. P. furtivus, Lovén.—Zetland, Guernsey, etc., 40 to 50 fath., Mr. More rounded, and with auricles less broadly based than P. striatus.
Hippothyris. Fixed by byssus.
17. H. psittacea, Gmel. (Anomia.) —A. rostrum-psittaci, Chem.; Terebratula psittacea.—Northumberland, Fr. Forth; deep water, Rr. as Brit. "The Parrot's-beak Anomia." ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ Psammobia. Inhabits sand and mud.
Fig.
01. P. ferroensis, Chemn.— (Tellina) T. incarnata, T. radiata, T. trifasciata, T. truncata.—Brit. co. generally; coralline, C. Oblong, keeled and angulated behind.
02. P. costulata, Turt.—P. discors.—Torbay, Cornwall, Skye, etc., R. Ribbed behind.
03. P. Tellinella, Lamk.—P. florida.—Exmouth, Guernsey, Tenby, Bantry B., Oban, Zetland, etc., 5 to 50 fath., C. Oval, smooth.
04. P. Vespertina, Chemn.— (Lux V.) Solen, Sanguinolaria V., Tellina depressa, variabilis.—Weymouth, Scarborough, Tenby, Bantry, etc., Guernsey, C. Not angular nor keeled behind. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ S. divisa, Flem. (Turbo.) —Helix and Sk. serpuloides, Adeorbis striatus.—Scarborough, Weymouth, Orkney, Galway, etc., 7 to 25 fath., Mr. Striated.
21. S. costulata, Möller, (Margarita.) —Loch Fyne, Rr.
22. S. lævis, Philippi, (Delphinula.) —Newcastle-on-Tyne, Rr.
Aclis.
23. A. ascaris, Turt. (Turbo.) —Turritella, Alvania, and Pyramis supranitida and acutissima.—Ireland, Tenby, Zetland, Mr.
24. A. supra-nitida, S. Wood (Alvania.) —Tenby, Dublin, etc., Rr.
25. A. nitidissima, Mont. (Turbo.) —Turritella, Pyramis, and Chemnitzia.—Falmouth, Burrow Isl., R.
Eulimella. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ Size (omitted) one-fifth of an inch.
Arca, Linnæus.
08, 9. A. lactea, Linn.—A. barbata, A. Modiolus, A. crinita, A. perforans, A. Gaimardii, var. f. 8; A. Quoyi, var. f. 9.—Penzance, Ilfracombe, Bantry Bay, Guernsey, etc. Adhering to shells and stones, 15 to 20 fath., C. Beaks approaching, radiately striated.
10. A. tetragona, Poli.—A. Noæ and imbricata.—Many Brit, loc., C. (12 to 50 fath.) . Broad area between beaks.
11. A. raridentata, S. Wood.—A. pectunculoides.—Skye, Hebrides, etc., Scot. Cape Clear, 40 to 60 fath., Mr. Minute, teeth few. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ C. plicatula, Drap.—Turbo and C. conversus.—Charlton Wood, Kent, Hastings, Gloucestershire, etc., R. Numerous plaits on columella above fold.
Zua.
22. Z. lubrica, Müller, (Helix.) —Turbo, Bulimus l., subcylindrica, muscorum, etc.—C. and gen. Among leaves and under stones.
Azeca.
23. A. tridens, Pulteney, (Turbo.) —Helix, Pupa and Cionella Goodallii, Britannica, etc.—C. and general. Habits as Zua and Pupa.
Achatina.
24. A. acicula, Müller.—Buccinum, Bulimus, Helix octona, terrestre, etc.—In marshy places, among Grass, etc., C. S. Eu.
Cyclostoma. Snail with operculum. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ O. rissoides, Hanley.—O. scalaris.—Channel Isls., Devon, Cornwall, Tenby, etc., Mc. Thin, conical, no umbilicus.
21. O. albella, Lovén.—O. rissoides, var., B. M.—Guernsey, S. Devon, etc. Turreted, upper whorls more cylindrical than No. 20.
22. O. obliqua, Alder.—Tynemouth, Guernsey, 7 fath. to deep water, Rr. Thin, oblique.
23. O. diaphana, Jeffr. Ann. Nat. Hist. New Ser. vol. ii. p. 341.—R. Manifestly distinct from No. 22.
24. O. strialata, Alder.—Northumberland, Rr. Conical, striated.
25. O. minima, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1, 1858.
26. O. interstincta, Mont. (Turbo.) ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ O. truncatula, Jeffreys.—Plymouth. Elongated.
11. O. cylindrica, Alder.—Turbo nivosus?—S. Devon, Ilfracombe, Guernsey, Cork, R. Cylindrical, few whorls.
12, 13. O. eulimoides, Hanley.—O. crassa, O. pallida (var. f. 13) , O. notata.—Brit. co. generally. Coralline zone, Mr. Ample body-whorl.
14. O. dubia, Jeffr.—S. Devon, Lerwick, Guernsey, Mr. Rather large body-whorl.
15, 16. O. alba, Jeffreys, (and var.) —Swansea, Skye, Zetland, Guernsey, Mr. Thin, whorls rounded.
17. O. nitida, Alder.—S. Devon. Littoral, Mc. Aperture differently formed from No. 17.
18. O. Lukisii, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ E. polita, Linn. (Helix.) —Strombiformis, Turbo, Rissoa, and Phasianella p. and albus, Boscii and anglica.—Ireland, S. Brit., E. Scot., N. and S. Eu., 7 to 50 fath., Mr. Rather solid.
23. E. distorta, Deshayes.—Brit. co. gen., Mc.; 12 to 90 fath.; N. and S. Eu. Small, tortuous.
24. E. stenostoma, Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1858.—Zetland and Norway, Rr. Thin, with rapidly increasing whorls.
25. E. subulata, Donov. (Turbo.) —Strombiformis, Helix, and Melania s. and glaber, trifasciatus, Donovani, and lineata.—S. and W. Brit., Ire., Zetland, Medit., 10 to 80 fath., Mr. Whorls deep, banded. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ On shells, etc., 1 to 15 fath., C.
02. F. costaria, Deshayes.—Guernsey, R. More fine and numerous ribs than F. reticulata.
Puncturella.
03. P. Noachina, Linn. (Patella.) —Cemoria Flemingii, Fissurella N., Rimula Flemingii, etc.—Scotland and Northumberland, 20 to 100 fath., R. With slit under apex.
Emarginula.
04. E. reticulata, Sowerby.—Patella fissura, etc.—Brit. co. generally, C. Conical, with slit in margin.
05. E. rosea, Bell.—E. pileolus, conica, capuliformis, etc.—Channel Isls., Exmouth, Cornwall, etc., 7 to 25 fath., Mc. Curved, coarsely cancellated. Red within. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

G. B. Sowerby, Illustrated Index of British Shells

“ M. striolata, Scacchi, (Pleu.) —P. and Murex Smithii, Farranti.—S. Devon, Clyde, Guernsey, Bantry, etc., Medit., R. as Brit. Ribs angularly curved above.
21, 22. M. costata, Pennant, (Murex.) —Buccinum, Fusus, Pl. c., etc.; var. f. 22, M. Metcalfei.—Brit co. generally, 5 to 50 fath., N. and S. Eu., C. Body-whorl larger than No. 24.
23. M. coarctata, Forbes.—Pl., M. costata var., B. M.—Distribution as 21 and 22; not so common.
24. M. septangularis, Mont. (Murex.) —M., F., and Pl. costatus, heptagona, etc.—Torbay, Bristol Channel, Forth, Galway, 5 to 30 fath., Mc. ”

G. B. Sowerby

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