J. W. Hawes

Name: The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi
Author: J. W. Hawes

Summary

“The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi”, is a work by J. W. Hawes. It explores elements such as Mississippi, the United States and tuition.

Quotes from The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi (J. W. Hawes)

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ Each county and each incorporated city of more than 3,000 inhabitants forms a school district, and has a board of six school directors, those for the cities being elected by the qualified voters, and those for the school districts outside of cities by the patrons of the schools. One or more free public schools, open to all of school age, are to be kept in each county for at least four months in each year. Teachers' institutes are to be held annually, under the general supervision of the state superintendent, for at least two weeks in each congressional district. ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ In the swamps and bottoms are dense thickets of cane and cypress. The prairies where uncultivated are covered with grass during the greater part of the year, and the forests of long-leaved pine have commonly an undergrowth of long grass, which affords good pasturage. Cotton (in the production of which Mississippi surpassed all other states in 1870) and Indian corn are the staple crops. Wheat and other grains are grown in the north, and rice and the sugar cane in the south. All the fruits of temperate climates grow here in perfection ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ The right of suffrage is conferred upon all male citizens of the United States (except convicts and persons of unsound mind) 21 years old and upward, who have resided in the state six months and in the county one month, and have been registered. Elections are by ballot, and occur biennially (odd years) on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November. The political year commences on the first Monday of January, and the legislature meets annually on the following Tuesday. No one who denies the existence of a Supreme Being, or who is not a qualified elector, can hold office. ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ The executive power is vested in a governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, treasurer, auditor, attorney general, and superintendent of public education, elected by the people for a term of four years, and a commissioner of immigration and agriculture, chosen by joint ballot of the two houses of the legislature for the same term. The governor's veto may be overcome by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the legislature. Senators are elected by senatorial districts for four years, one half retiring biennially ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ In the department of science, literature, and the arts, and in the college of agriculture and the mechanic arts, tuition is free to students residing in Mississippi. Students preparing for the ministry and those pecuniarily unable to pay also have their tuition fees remitted. A state scholarship of $100 a year for four years was provided by an act of 1871 for one student from each representative district or county, to be selected by a board of examiners from pupils of the free schools. ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ Amendments to the constitution must be proposed by a two-thirds vote of each house of the legislature, published for at least three months preceding the next general election, and ratified by the people. Treason, murder, and arson committed in the night upon a dwelling are punished with death. Other punishments are fines and imprisonment. The chief grounds of divorce are adultery, sentence to the penitentiary, impotence, desertion for two years, habitual drunkenness, cruel treatment, and pregnancy at the time of marriage by another unknown to the husband. ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ One of each class also does an insurance business. At the close of 1873, 21 insurance companies of other states and countries were doing business in the state.—The government is administered under the constitution of 1869, which declares that all citizens of the United States resident in the state are citizens thereof; that no property or religious qualification for office, nor any property or educational qualification for voting, shall ever be required; that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except in punishment of crime, shall exist ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ The militia consists of all able-bodied male citizens between the ages of 18 and 45. It is provided that the state shall not become a stockholder in any corporation or association, nor pledge or lend its credit in aid of any person, corporation, or association; that no bank of issue shall be created or renewed, and that the legislature shall by law prohibit individuals or corporations from issuing bills as money. ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ Each member of the legislature is entitled to nominate one pupil for this school, who is instructed gratuitously. In the Tougaloo school, which was established by the act of Jan. 2, 1872, each county is entitled to the free tuition of two students, to be appointed by the county superintendent of education. The beneficiaries in the normal schools are required to sign a declaration of intention to make teaching a profession and to teach in the public schools of the state for at least three years. ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ Cotton and lumber are the chief exports. The coasting and river trade is large. The coasting trade is chiefly directed to Mobile and New Orleans, while the Mississippi river trade centres in the latter, and that of the Tombigbee in Mobile. The railroads terminating at these two ports and at Memphis are also large carriers of merchandise. There are three customs districts: Natchez, Pearl River (port of entry, Shieldsborough) , and Vicksburg. The direct foreign and the coasting trade are centred entirely in the district of Pearl River. ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ A married woman may convey and devise property belonging to her at the time of marriage or afterward acquired as if single, and the same is not liable for the debts of her husband, and she may do business as a feme sole. ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ The state institutions are the penitentiary, blind institute, institute for the deaf and dumb, and lunatic asylum, situated at Jackson. The penitentiary contains 200 cells, and is inadequate for the accommodation of the prisoners. The convicts are partly employed within the walls in manufactures, and partly leased to persons who employ them on public works in different parts of the state. ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ Mississippi is entitled to two senators and six representatives in congress, and has therefore eight votes in the electoral college.—The valuation of property according to the United States censuses has been as follows:
The diminution in the value of personal property is chiefly due to the emancipation of the slaves. The total taxation not national in 1870 was $3,736,432, of which $1,309,655 was state, $2,299,699 county, and $127,078 town, city, &c. ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ In 1870, according to the United States census, the number of schools of all classes was 1,564, with 1,054 male and 674 female teachers, 22,793 male and 20,658 female pupils, and an annual income of $780,339 ($11,500 from endowment, $167,414 from public funds, and $601,425 from other sources, including tuition) . ”

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Source: Wikisource

J. W. Hawes, The American Cyclopædia — Mississippi

“ The number under instruction during the year in the institute for the deaf and dumb was 50, of whom 40 were mutes and 10 semi-mutes, 26 males and 24 females; average attendance, 39; remaining at its close, 36; number of officers and instructors, 5. Pupils unable to pay for tuition are educated free. The building requires enlargement. The lunatic asylum on Dec, 1, 1872, had 231 inmates ”

J. W. Hawes

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