Parliament of Singapore

“ Where a natural person makes an input error in an electronic communication exchanged with the automated message system of another party and the automated message system does not provide the person with an opportunity to correct the error, that person, or the party on whose behalf that person was acting, has the right to withdraw the portion of the electronic communication in which the input error was made. ”

“ If a specified security procedure, or a commercially reasonable security procedure agreed to by the parties involved, has been properly applied to an electronic record to verify that the electronic record has not been altered since a specific point in time, such record shall be treated as a secure electronic record from such specific point in time to the time of verification. ”

“ A proposal to conclude a contract made through one or more electronic communications which is not addressed to one or more specific parties, but is generally accessible to parties making use of information systems, including a proposal that makes use of interactive applications for the placement of orders through such information systems, is to be considered as an invitation to make offers, unless it clearly indicates the intention of the party making the proposal to be bound in case of acceptance. ”

“ Where a rule of law requires a signature, or provides for certain consequences if a document or a record is not signed, that requirement is satisfied in relation to an electronic record if—
(a) a method is used to identify the person and to indicate that person’s intention in respect of the information contained in the electronic record ”

“ The time of receipt of an electronic communication is the time when the electronic communication becomes capable of being retrieved by the addressee at an electronic address designated by the addressee. ”

“ An electronic communication is deemed to be despatched at the place where the originator has its place of business and is deemed to be received at the place where the addressee has its place of business. ”

“ For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any written law but subject to any specification made under subsection (2) , where any person is required by any written law to—
(a) file any document with or provide information in any form to a public agency; (b) create or retain any document for a public agency; (c) use a prescribed form for an application or notification to, or other transaction with, a public agency; (d) provide to or retain for a public agency any document, record or information in its original form ”

“ In this section—
“performance” and “protection period” have the same meanings as in Part XII of the Copyright Act; “provides access”, in relation to third-party material, means the provision of the necessary technical means by which third-party material may be accessed and includes the automatic and temporary storage of the third-party material for the purpose of providing access; “third-party”, in relation to a network service provider, means a person over whom the provider has no effective control. ”

“ Obstruction of Controller or authorised officer
31. Any person who obstructs, impedes, assaults or interferes with the Controller or any authorised officer in the performance of his functions under this Act shall be guilty of an offence. ”

“ Nothing in Part II shall prevent the parties to a contract or transaction from—
(a) excluding the use of electronic records, electronic communications or electronic signatures in the contract or transaction by agreement; or (b) imposing additional requirements as to the form or authentication of the contract or transaction by agreement. (3) Subject to any other rights or obligations of the parties to a contract or transaction, the parties may, by agreement—
(a) exclude section 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 from applying to the contract or transaction ”

“ Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) , the Minister may, in making regulations for the regulation, licensing or accreditation of specified security procedure providers and their authorised representatives—
(a) prescribe the accounts to be kept by specified security procedure providers; (b) provide for the appointment and remuneration of an auditor, and for the costs of an audit carried out under the regulations ”

“ Power to exempt
37. The Minister may, by order published in the Gazette, exempt, subject to such terms and conditions as he thinks fit, any person or class of persons from all or any of the provisions of this Act.
Regulations
38. The Minister may make regulations to prescribe anything which is required to be prescribed under this Act (except section 22) and generally for the carrying out of the provisions of this Act (except section 22) . ”

“ In this Schedule, unless the context otherwise requires—
“accredited certification authority” means a certification authority accredited by the Controller pursuant to any regulations made under section 22; “asymmetric cryptosystem” means a system capable of generating a secure key pair, consisting of a private key for creating a digital signature, and a public key to verify the digital signature ”