Potter Stewart

“ To believe that labor union interests may not properly extend beyond mere direct job and wage competition is to ignore not only economic and social realities so obvious as not to need mention, but also the graphic lessons of American labor union history. ”

“ Today's opinion of the Court thus properly notes that a labor organization may 'often have a legitimate interest in soliciting self-employed entrepreneurs as members' and recognizes that permissible union interest and action extends beyond joy and wage competition to other 'economic interrelationship (s) .' Page 103 of 371 U.S., page 167 of 83 S.Ct., supra. In my view, there is therefore implicit in this Court's opinion a rejection of the District Court's overly strict view that job or wage competition is the sole measure of the propriety of union organizational efforts. ”

“ In 1954 most of the grease peddlers became members of the appellant union, at the instigation of the appellant business agent, for the purpose of increasing the margin between the prices they paid for grease and the prices at which they sold it to the processors. To accomplish this purpose, fixed purchase and sale prices were agreed upon and enforced by union agents through the exercise or threatened exercise of union economic power in the form of strikes and boycotts against processors who indicated any inclination to deal with grease peddlers who were not union members. ”