no contributor recorded

“ Friends noted how little in later life Caird's outward aspect changed after his early Oxford days. His mental and spiritual convictions and his attitude to life's problems took at the same period, largely under the club's stimulus, a form which, while it ripened, remained essentially what it had been. He was a 'radical,' like his friend Green, not only in politics, but in religion and philosophy. In his youth he tried to persuade his brother Stuart to join the 'red-shirts' of Garibaldi. ”

“ If in one sense we must call this idea a faith, we must remember that it is in no sense an arbitrary assumption; rather it is the essential faith of reason, the presupposition and bases of all that reason has achieved or can achieve.' A portrait painted by the Hon. John Collier hangs in the hall of Balliol College, and a tablet is designed for the College chapel. In 1886, after Caird had been twenty years professor at Glasgow, his pupils presented to the university his portrait by Sir George Reid; a bronze medallion by David MacGill was placed in the moral philosophy class room there in 1910. ”

“ Removal to London brought him a great increase of work in the south, but his connection with Liverpool and Manchester remained unbroken to the end. In Manchester came his first opportunity, when in 1859 he won the competition for the assize courts, a building the planning of which offered him the sort of problem with which he was well qualified to deal. A clear thinker, he was capable of much useful innovation. The public entrance to the courts was made independent of the official part of the building : a new feature which no future designer could afford to ignore. ”

“ With the power to grasp the principles by which a building might be made most suitable for its purpose went in Waterhouse the ability to see almost intuitively yet accurately the inherent possibilities of a site, and the proper disposition of the building to be placed on it. After the Manchester assize courts there followed the more important commission of the Manchester town hall, this being also won in competition. The town hall, which was opened in 1877, is a well-planned building of a fine and picturesque massing placed on an irregular triangle. ”

“ In spite, however, of evil reports, the Globe continued to pay small dividends at intervals until October 1899. During that year Lake View shares rose from 9l. to 28l. through the discovery of a rich patch of ore, the Globe making large profits in the shares. A sharp reaction soon set in, based on the knowledge that the rich find was exhausted. Wright, apparently misled as to the condition of the mine, made strenuous efforts to support the market. The results were disastrous to himself and to the company, which lost three-quarters of a million in Lake View shares in 1899. ”

“ In 1878, when the British Association met in Dublin, Ingram was elected president of the section of economic science and statistics, and delivered an introductory address on 'The present position and prospects of political economy.' Here he vindicated the true functions of economic science as an integral branch of sociology. ”

“ Waterhouse worked seldom in stone, and on the rare occasions of his employment of it he seemed to lean to new forms of expression. The new University Club, St. James's Street (1866) , is a Gothic effort, but in the National Provincial Bank, Piccadilly branch (1892) , and again in the National Liberal Club (1884) , the design is Renaissance in character. In the case of the last building he turned to good use an awkward site, the quiet and dignified edifice being graced by an angle tower which strikes a pleasant note of refinement. ”

“ Waterhouse's productive capacity was combined with critical insight. His services as assessor in competitions were widely sought, and there a clearness of perception and a power of rapidly grasping a scheme as a whole enabled him to arrive rapidly at decisions authoritatively founded on reasoned data. He was a member of the international jury for the competition for the new west front to Milan cathedral; was on the committee of selection for the Imperial Institute, acted as assessor for the Birmingham law courts, of which' he made a sketch plan for the competitors' guidance. ”

“ Lecky had previously received a commission as a royal naval reserve officer, and eventually retired with the rank of commander.
In his spare time Lecky wrote on navigation. He had acquired by his own diligent study at sea a knowledge of mathematics and astronomy, which betrayed exceptional strength of intellect and character. His healthy and vigorous style, and avoidance, where possible, of technical language, gained fur his books a world-wide popularity among seamen. His 'Wrinkles in Practical Navigation’ (1881; 15th edit 1908, with photogravure portrait) is the best work of its kind. ”

“ His private tastes and distastes in art were very decided, but he knew on occasion how to suppress them and support reasonable views which were not his own. He was a man of remarkable social charm, though not free from moods of cynicism and irony. A portrait of him in early life by Watts is in the gallery at Limnerslease. A sketch of him was executed for Grillion's Club by Henry Tanworth Wells in 1894. In 1864 he married Rosalind, youngest daughter of the second Lord Stanley of Alderley, by whom he had six sons, three of whom predeceased him, and five daughters, of whom one died in infancy. ”

“ He became a fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1861, was for many years a member of council, member and afterwards chairman of the art standing committee, president of the institute 1888-1891, and gold medallist in 1878, when the president described him as a 'great mason,' a phrase which expressed tersely the belief of architects generally that he knew precisely what his materials were capable of, and the best way to turn them to account. ”

“ HENNESSY, HENRY (1826–1901) , physicist, born at Cork on 19 March 1826, was the second son of John Hennessy of Ballyhennessy, co. Kerry, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Casey of Cork. Sir John Pope-Hennessy [q. v.] was a younger brother. Educated at Cork under Michael Healy, he received an excellent training in classics, modern languages, and mathematics. Deprived as a Roman catholic of a university education, he adopted the profession of an engineer. His leisure was from early youth devoted to mathematical research, in which he engaged quite spontaneously. ”

“ As editor he acquired an exceptional personal influence. Able writers covered under his guidance a wide field of interests, social, literary, and political. But the marked character of the 'Pall Mall' was given by Greenwood's individuality. (Sir) Leslie Stephen [q. v. Suppl. II] , long a contributor, called the paper 'the incarnation of Greenwood.' His dominance was especially great on the political side. He had shared the liberal opinions of his generation, and he never became a conservative in the strict party sense. Thoroughly patriotic, he was no blind follower of any party leader. ”

“ Again, as a member of the Scotch educational endowments commission in 1872, he argued persistently that the benefits of endowments should go 'not to the most necessitous of those fairly fitted intellectually, but to the most fit among those who were fairly necessitous.' His views greatly stimulated the development of secondary education in Scotland. ”

“ The 'History of Political Economy' (1888) traced the 'development of economic thought in its relation with general philosophic ideas rather than an exhaustive account of economic literature.' The book quickly obtained world-wide repute. ”

“ Meanwhile economic science divided with religious speculation a large part of his intellectual energy. In economic science he made his widest fame. In 1847 he had helped to found the Dublin Statistical Society, which was largely suggested by the grave problems created by the great Irish famine; Archbishop Whately was the first president. Ingram took a foremost part in the society's discussions of economic questions. He was a member of the council till 1857, when he became vice-president, and was the secretary for the three years 1854-6; he was president from 1878 to 1880. ”

“ A buoyant optimism, too, which was yet allied with an active sympathy with suffering (cf. ' Optimism and Pessimism ' in Evolution of Religion) , and a resolute adherence to what he called ' the speculative attitude,' enabled him thoroughly to impress and stimulate youthful thought of the best kind.
At the same time Caird interested himself in many matters outside his classroom. In the earliest years of his Glasgow professorship he advocated the higher education of women, when there was no member of the senate to support him save his brother ”

“ EDOUIN, WILLIE, whose real name was William Frederick Bryer (1846–1908) , comedian, born at Brighton on 1 Jan. 1846, was son of John Edwin Bryer, a dancing master, by his wife Sarah Elizabeth May. He was the youngest member of a family of five clever children, all of whom took early to the stage. He first appeared in public in the summer of 1852 (with two sisters and others) in a juvenile troupe of 'Living Marionettes' at the Theatre des Varietes, Lin wood Gallery, Leicester Square, in farces, ballets d'action, and extravaganzas. ”

“ On 20 Nov. 1869 he was elected headmaster of Rugby in succession to Frederick Temple [q. v. Suppl. II] . The electors were the trustees of the Rugby charity, who at that date formed the governing body. All the assistant masters but one protested against the appointment. Hayman's conservative predilections were held to be in conflict with the liberal traditions of the school. The feeling of hostility grew when it became known that many of Hayman's testimonials were of old dates, and had been used without the consent of the writers. ”

“ Though Ingram never concealed his religious opinions, he did not consider himself at liberty publicly to avow and defend them, so long as he retained his position in Trinity College. In 1900, the year after his retirement, when he was already seventy-seven, he published his 'Outlines of the History of Religion,' in which he declared his positivist beliefs. In the same year there appeared his collected verse, 'Sonnets and other Poems,' which was largely inspired by Comte's principles. Several other positivist works followed: 'Human Nature and Morals according to Auguste Comte' (1901) ”

“ On the withdrawal of British troops from Afghanistan Lord Lytton, despite the protests of Sir Frederick Haines, visited on Browne the discredit of the failure of his transport service, a result which was mainly due to the dilatory preparations of the government. Browne was not reappointed military member of the council, and was relegated to the command of the Lahore district. Nevertheless his services did not pass altogether unrewarded. He was created a K.C.B. in 1879, and received the thanks of the government of India and both houses of parliament. ”

“ Drew died in Dublin on 13 March 1910, and was buried in Dean's Grange cemetery, co. Dublin. He married in 1871 Adelaide Anne, daughter of William Murray, formerly architect of the board of works, Ireland, and a collateral descendant of Francis Johnston [q. v.] founder of the Royal Hibernian Academy. She survived him. Among the chief buildings designed by Drew were the Rathmines town hall, the law library at the Four Courts, Dublin, and Clontarf presbyterian church in 1889, the Ulster bank, College Green, Dublin, in 1891 , and Belfast cathedral in 1899. ”

“ After a brief period with a theatrical company, he raised and commanded a troop of irregular horse, ‘Willoughby's Horse,’ which saw service in the Basuto war in 1880. In January 1884 he went to Madagascar, where, gaining the confidence of the Queen of Madagascar and her husband, who was prime minister, he was appointed general commander of the Hovas or Madagascar forces (18 May) . On the outbreak of the Franco-Malagasy war next year he got together a well-drilled army of 20,000 soldiers. ”

“ Cobb was an enthusiastic cyclist, and was first president in 1878 of the National Cyclists' Union, originally the Bicycle Union, and was president of the Cambridge University Cycling Club. For the International Health Exhibition in 1884 he contributed a chapter on 'Cycling' to the handbook on athletics, part ii. He took part in the municipal life of Cambridge, and addressed to the district council in 1878 a pamphlet on 'Road Paving,' in which he urged improvement of the roads. Cobb died at Cambridge on 31 March 1904, and was cremated at Woking. ”

“ His water-colour was always laid over a solid and carefully completed pencil sketch. In colour his earlier works are silvery, sometimes a little weak, but always harmonious. Greater breadth of tone and force of colour are noticeable in the Versailles drawings of 1893 and in the Greek series, which are not only his best productions but some of the most brilliant and accomplished water-colour work of his generation. A few of his drawings are in the Victoria and Albert Museum, and he is well represented in the Municipal Gallery at Leicester. ”

“ BURDON, JOHN SHAW (1826–1907) , missionary, bishop of Victoria, Hongkong, and Chinese scholar, only son of James Burdon, by Isabella his second wife, was born at Auchterarder in Perthshire on Dec. 1826. On his father's early death he was brought up by an uncle, who kept a school at Liverpool, where he was over-worked. From Liverpool he went to Glasgow. In 1850 he was accepted as a missionary by the Church Missionary Society, and spent two years at their training college at Islington. He was ordained deacon by the bishop of London on 19 Dec. ”

“ In 1879 Ingram became librarian of Trinity College, and displayed an alert interest in the books and especially in the MSS. under his charge. He had already described to the Royal Irish Academy in 1858 a manuscript in the library of Roger Bacon's 'Opus Majus' which supplied a seventh and hitherto overlooked part of the treatise (on moral philosophy) . ”

“ During Gladstone's short ministry of 1886 Hopwood was appointed recorder of Liverpool.
Throughout his public life Hopwood supported energetically and with singular tenacity and consistency the principle of personal liberty. He was a loyal supporter of radical measures, but at the time of his death he was justly described as 'the last of those liberals who were all for freedom—freedom from being made good or better as well as freedom from worse oppression; freedom from state control ”

“ WATERHOUSE, ALFRED (1830–1905) , architect, born in Liverpool on 19 July 1830, was eldest son of Alfred Waterhouse of Whiteknights, Reading, and previously of Liverpool, by his wife Mary, daughter of Paul Bevan. Both parents belonged to the Society of Friends. Educated at Grove House school, Tottenham, Waterhouse inclined, when his schooldays were over, to the career of a painter. He was articled, however, to Richard Lane, architect, of Manchester, with whom he served his time ”

“ In succeeding years Craven, harmoniously co-operating with Irving, carried scenic realism and stage illusion to the full limit of legitimate artistic expression, and he turned to advantage the newly introduced electric lighting, which compelled a readjustment of old methods of distemper painting. Among his early triumphs at the Lyceum was his grandiose interior of the Temple of Artemis in 'The Cup' (3 Jan. 1881) , from a design by Sir James Knowles. ”