The European Union is a supranational political and economic union comprising 27 European states, established by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. It is defined by a single market, customs union, and common policies on trade, security, and governance. Scholars such as Michael D. Higgins view it as an initiative rooted in solidarity and people-oriented unity, while Angela Merkel highlights its function as a force for peace.
The 2007 German presidency’s Berlin Declaration underscores shared values of dignity and mutual prosperity, aligning with the Treaty of Lisbon’s emphasis on harmonized policies. These viewpoints align in portraying the EU as a dynamic organization that balances national autonomy with collaborative efforts, guided by inclusiveness and a sense of duty across generations.