Violence, defined as the deliberate application of physical or psychological force to inflict harm, includes a range of damaging behaviors, from personal mistreatment to institutionalized domination. The World Health Organization classifies it into self-inflicted, interpersonal, and collective types, emphasizing its complex character. Writers such as Anatole France criticized violence as a self-reinforcing force that sustains animosity, while Julia Ward Howe advocated for disarmament, opposing the use of force as a tool for justice.
Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson, in contrast, suggested that violence could be the sole means to eradicate it, illustrating the tensions within revolutionary thought. At the same time, Henry Fuseli captured the raw intensity of violence in his art, and Max Stirner challenged state-approved violence as a form of law. These differing viewpoints demonstrate violence as both a societal problem and a recurring theme in literature, examining its ethical, mental, and systemic aspects.