A gargoyle is a carved, grotesque figure in Gothic architecture, functioning as a waterspout to channel rainwater away from buildings. Although mainly utilitarian, these sculptures frequently carry symbolic meanings, ranging from repelling evil to expressing social commentary. In literature, authors such as J. Harwood Panting use "gargoyle" metaphorically to represent social outcasts or adversaries, while Edith K.
Dunton associates them with the grandeur of their architectural setting in Notre-Dame. L. Frank Baum, on the other hand, portrays them as fantastical assistants in The Wizard of Oz. These diverse portrayals highlight the gargoyle’s dual legacy: a practical feature of medieval design and a multifaceted symbol of marginalization, safeguard, or whimsy in narrative imagination.