Zakat

Definition and stakes

Edward Sell,  The Faith of Islam

“ It should not be given to a rich man, nor to his son, nor to his slave. The descendants of Hásham and the descendants of the Prophet should not be the recipients of the Zakát. The Prophet said: "O Ahl-i-Beit (men of the house) , it is not lawful for you to receive Zakát, for you get the one-fifth share of my fifth portion of the booty." So some say that Syeds are excluded; but they demur and reply that they do not now get a portion of the spoil of the Infidels. Zakát must not be given to a Zimmí (a non-muslim subject) . ”
Source: Gutenberg

Muhsin Fani,  The Dabistán, or School of manners…

“ Zakat, “alms,” is the sanctifying of life by means of the understanding of mankind. Súm, “fasting,” denotes the preservation of the mysteries of the Imám. Zena, “sexual intercourse with a strange woman,” is equivalent to divulging the mysteries of religion. These sectaries say also that praying in an assembly 409 is following the holy Imám. The alms are to them a metaphoric signification of the fifth part of property which they give to the Imám. ”
Source: Gutenberg

Edward Sell,  The Faith of Islam

“ Donkeys and mules are exempt, for the Prophet said: "No order has come down (from heaven) to me about them."
If a stock of merchandize exceeds the Nisáb (£5 4s.) , Zakát must be given on it and on the profits at the rate of one in forty, or two-and-a-half per cent. The Hanífites do not count a fraction of the forty. The Sháfa'ítes count such a fractional part as forty and require the full Zakát to be paid on it.
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Source: Gutenberg

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